His greatness is shown through his Hebrew: Beloved or friend. [citation needed]. Author of. In this post about the Star of David, its meaning and definition, we will be examining the symbol and its history in depth. ", Other translations say, "the hero of Israel's songs," "the favorite singer of Israel," "the contented psalm writer of Israel," and "Israel's beloved singer of songs.". He is known both as a great fighter and as the "sweet singer of David was a common name of Scottish kings in the Middle Ages. (Review of Finkelstein and Silberman (2006), "The Biblical King David and His Artistic and Literary Afterlives", "Geraldine Brooks reimagines King David's life in 'The Secret Chord, "Cultural Contexts: The Ancient Near East and Israel", "The History of 'David's Rise to Power' and the Neo-Babylonian Succession Apologies", "The Relation Between the Eli Narrative and the Ark Narratives", "The Naked Truth About King David, the 8th Son", David engravings from the De Verda collection, List of Jewish leaders in the Land of Israel, Muslim conquest of Mesopotamia and Persia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David&oldid=992889947, 11th-century BC Kings of Israel (united monarchy), 10th-century BC Kings of Israel (united monarchy), Articles containing Koin Greek-language text, Articles containing Old Armenian-language text, Articles containing Church Slavonic-language text, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using collapsible list with both background and text-align in titlestyle, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2019, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, King David is the focus of the second episode of, This page was last edited on 7 December 2020, at 17:22. David was perceived as the biblical predecessor to Christian Roman and Byzantine emperors and the name "New David" was used as an honorific reference to these rulers. https://www.britannica.com/biography/David, Jewish Virtual Library - Biography of King David, British Broadcasting Corporation - Biography of David, Catholic Encyclopedia - Biography of King David, David - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). [20], God is angered when Saul, Israel's king, unlawfully offers a sacrifice[21] and later disobeys a divine command both to kill all of the Amalekites and to destroy their confiscated property. At the time, Israel was threatened by other peoples in the region, especially the Philistines, who occupied the Mediterranean coastal plain to the west. [71] David dies at the age of 70 after reigning for 40 years,[72] and on his deathbed counsels Solomon to walk in the ways of God and to take revenge on his enemies. [106], David is an important figure in Rabbinic Judaism, with many legends around him. Born in Edinburgh, Hume spent his childhood at Ninewells, hisfamilys modest estate in the border lowlands. Because David shed much blood,[6] God denies David the opportunity to build the temple. The story of King Solomon begins with his father, King David, and his mother, Bathsheba. [69], When David is old and bedridden, Adonijah, his eldest surviving son and natural heir, declares himself king. The resultant family was an extreme departure from the family in the consanguineal context, the traditional clan structure. David is discussed in the Quran as a major prophet and figures in Islamic oral and written tradition as well. Welsh Baby Names Meaning: He became the leader and organizer of a group of other outlaws and refugees, who progressively ingratiated themselves with the local population by protecting them from other bandits or, in case they had been raided, by pursuing the raiders and restoring the possessions that had been taken. Davids popularity aroused the kings jealousy. Of Hebrew Origin, Meaning: Man after God's own heart. Depicts Sir Henry Taylor, 1866. "[96] Amihai Mazar however, concludes that based on recent archeological findings, like those in City of David, Khirbet Qeiyafa, Tel Dan, Tel Rehov, Khirbat en-Nahas and others "the deconstruction of United Monarchy and the devaluation of Judah as a state in 9th century is unacceptable interpretation of available historic data". Must this man come into my house? David was a great king - the greatest king in Israel's history - despite what he did rather than because of what he did. It commemorates the king's victory over two enemy kings, and contains the phrase Hebrew: , bytdwd, which most scholars translate as "House of David". [10], David is described as cementing his relations with various political and national groups through marriage. Arnold Zadikow, 1930: The Young David displayed in the entrance of Berlin's Jewish Museum from 1933 until its loss during the Second World War. Miniature from the Paris Psalter: David in the robes of a Byzantine emperor. [24], War comes between Israel and the Philistines, and the giant Goliath challenges the Israelites to send out a champion to face him in single combat. All content in this area was uploaded by David Lewis on Jan 02, 2016 . A fragment from a stone stele mentioning the House of David (a reference to his political dynasty) was inscribed more than a century after the traditional date of his reign and is not accepted by all scholars. After Saul tried to kill him, David fled and became a leader of outlaws. And the three sons of Zeruiah were Abishai, Joab, and Asahel", Steven McKenzie, Associate Professor Rhodes College, Memphis, Tennessee, "New reading of the Mesha Stele inscription has major consequences for biblical history", High-tech study of ancient stone suggests new proof of King David's Dynasty, "A View from Copenhagen: Israel and the History of Palestine", Review of Baruch Halpern's "David's Secret Demons", "Kings or Chieftains? [93] The biblical evidence likewise indicates that David's Judah was something less than a full-fledged monarchy: it often calls him negid, for example, meaning "prince" or "chief", rather than melek, meaning "king"; the biblical David sets up none of the complex bureaucracy that a kingdom needs (even his army is made up of volunteers), and his followers are largely related to him and from his small home-area around Hebron. Joyful, Playful. [11] In 1 Samuel 17:25, it states that King Saul had said that he would make whoever killed Goliath a very wealthy man, give his daughter to him and declare his father's family exempt from taxes in Israel. The Ark is brought to Jerusalem (1896 Bible card illustration by the Providence Lithograph Company). In the Hebrew scriptures, 2 Samuel 3 states that King David, anointed by the Prophet Samuel before King Sauls demise to be his replacement, officially became King of Judea (1010 BCE). (rare) A female given name, often combined with a feminine middle name (e.g. David is the name given to two sculptures by the early-Renaissance Italian sculptor, Donatello. Twenty-fourth Dynasty of EgyptTefnakht Bakenranef, (Sargonid dynasty)Tiglath-Pileser Shalmaneser Marduk-apla-iddina II Sargon Sennacherib Marduk-zakir-shumi II Marduk-apla-iddina II Bel-ibni Ashur-nadin-shumi Nergal-ushezib Mushezib-Marduk Esarhaddon Ashurbanipal Ashur-etil-ilani Sinsharishkun Sin-shumu-lishir Ashur-uballit II, Seleucid Empire: Seleucus I Antiochus I Antiochus II Seleucus II Seleucus III Antiochus III Seleucus IV Antiochus IV Antiochus V Demetrius I Alexander III Demetrius II Antiochus VI Dionysus Diodotus Tryphon Antiochus VII Sidetes, "King David" redirects here. [73], The Book of Samuel calls David a skillful harp (lyre) player[75] and "the sweet psalmist of Israel. This gained him the attention of King Saul, for whom he played the harp and fought the Philistines. Early Christians interpreted the life of Jesus in light of the references to the Messiah and to David; Jesus is described as being descended from David in the Gospels of Matthew and Luke. The symbol originated in antiquity, when, side by side with the five-pointed star, it served as a magical sign or as a decoration. David is a common masculine given name of Biblical Hebrew origin, as King David is a figure of central importance in the Hebrew Bible and in Christian, Jewish, and Islamic religious tradition. According to one tradition, David was raised as the son of his father Jesse and spent his early years herding his father's sheep in the wilderness while his brothers were in school. There he studied Latin andGreek, read wi D avid as a boys' name is pronounced DAY-vid.It is of Hebrew origin, and the meaning of David is "beloved". By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Three major cities of the Philistines were Ashdod, Ashkelon, and Gaza, where the temple of Dagon was located. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Davids wives were mostly completely alien to one another, and his children were without the directing support of established social patterns that provided precedents for the resolution of conflict or for establishing the rights of succession. [99] Steven McKenzie, Associate Professor of the Hebrew Bible at Rhodes College and author of King David: A Biography, argues that David came from a wealthy family, was "ambitious and ruthless" and a tyrant who murdered his opponents, including his own sons. [26] Refusing the king's offer of the royal armour,[27] he kills Goliath with his sling. Baruch Halpern, "David's Secret Demons", 2001. King David was a descendant of Judah as well as Ruth, and was promised by Gd that his children would rule Israel forever. Before his peaceful death, he chooses his son Solomon as successor. Several stories about him are told in the Old Testament, including his defeat of Goliath, a giant Philistine. [116] The Eastern Orthodox Church and Eastern Catholic Churches celebrate the feast day of the "Holy Righteous Prophet and King David" on the Sunday of the Holy Forefathers (two Sundays before the Great Feast of the Nativity of the Lord), when he is commemorated together with other ancestors of Jesus. In the Qur'an: David killed Goliath (2:251), a giant soldier in the Philistine army. David (Hebrew: ) is described in the Hebrew Bible as the third king of the United Monarchy of Israel and Judah, becoming king after Ish-bosheth. Then Saul sent Michal to Galim to marry Palti, son of Laish. The primary evidence for Davids career consists of several chapters in the books 1 and 2 Samuel in the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament). Furthermore, according to Talmudic sources, the death of Uriah was not to be considered murder, on the basis that Uriah had committed a capital offense by refusing to obey a direct command from the King. [107], David's adultery with Bathsheba is interpreted as an opportunity to demonstrate the power of repentance, and the Talmud states that it was not adultery at all, quoting a Jewish practice of divorce on the eve of battle. [79] According to the parallel narrative in 1 Samuel 21, instead of killing the man who had exacted so many casualties from him, Abimelech allows David to leave, exclaiming, "Am I so short of madmen that you have to bring this fellow here to carry on like this in front of me? He is honored in the prophetic literature as an ideal king and the forefather of a future Messiah, and many psalms are ascribed to him.[7]. He is an important figure in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. [121] Qur'an commentators, historians and compilers of the numerous Stories of the Prophets elaborate upon David's concise Qur'anic narratives and specifically mention David's gift in singing his Psalms as well as his musical and vocal talents. SeventeenthDynasty, (15001100 BCE)Kidinuid dynastyIgehalkid dynastyUntash-Napirisha, Twenty-first Dynasty of EgyptSmendes Amenemnisu Psusennes I Amenemope Osorkon the Elder Siamun Psusennes II, Twenty-third Dynasty of EgyptHarsiese A Takelot II Pedubast I Shoshenq VI Osorkon III Takelot III Rudamun Menkheperre Ini [64] Thanks to Hushai, a friend of David who was ordered to infiltrate Absalom's court to successfully sabotage his plans, Absalom's forces are routed at the battle of the Wood of Ephraim, and he is caught by his long hair in the branches of a tree where, contrary to David's order, he is killed by Joab, the commander of David's army. Achish permits David to reside in Ziklag, close to the border between Gath and Judea, from where he leads raids against the Geshurites, the Girzites and the Amalekites, but leads Achish to believe he is attacking the Israelites in Judah, the Jerahmeelites and the Kenites. David the son of Jesse said, and the man who was raised up on high, the anointed of the God of Jacob, and the sweet psalmist of Israel, said, The Spirit of the LORD spake by me, and his word was in my tongue. The First Book of Samuel and the First Book of Chronicles both identify David as the son of Jesse, the Bethlehemite, the youngest of eight sons. David was made God's "vicegerent on earth" (38:26) and God further gave David sound judgment (21:78; 37:2124, 26) as well as the Psalms, regarded as books of divine wisdom (4:163; 17:55). Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. David conquers Jerusalem, t An independent history of Judea during the Iron I and Iron II periods has little room for historicizing readings of the stories of I-II Samuel and I Kings. January 2010; DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-93996-4_3. In fulfillment of Nathan's words, David's son Absalom, fueled by vengeance and lust for power, rebels. Worried that David is trying to take his throne, Saul turns on David. After Saul and Jonathan are killed in battle, David is anointed as King. David Livingstone (/ lvstn /; 19 March 1813 1 May 1873) was a Scottish physician, Congregationalist, and pioneer Christian missionary with the London Missionary Society, an explorer in Africa, and one of the most popular British heroes of the late 19th-century Victorian era. Creator of beautiful music. [51], During a siege of the Ammonite capital of Rabbah, David remains in Jerusalem. According to the biblical account, David was proclaimed king in Hebron. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Contemplative, prayerful and wise. Biblical: one of the most remarkable personalities in the Scriptures.David was a shepherd, musician, poet, soldier, statesman, prophet, and king. The relief is damaged and interpretation is uncertain. David was the first king in Jerusalem whose reign was later looked back on as a golden era. (nautical) A spar formerly used on board of ships, as a crane to hoist the flukes of the anchorto the top of the bow, without injuring the sides of the ship. [41] David returns to Ziklag. David conquers Jerusalem, taking the Ark of the Covenant into the city, and establishing the kingdom founded by Saul. David is an important figure in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. David. [8] He also had at least two sisters, Zeruiah, whose sons all went on to serve in David's army, and Abigail, whose son Amasa went on to serve in Absalom's army, Absalom being one of David's younger sons. (nautical, construction) A crane, often working in pairs and usually made of steel, used to lower things over an edge of a long drop off, such as lowering a maintenance trapeze down a building or launching a lifeboat over the side of a ship. [47] He brings the Ark of the Covenant to the city,[48] intending to build a temple for God, but the prophet Nathan forbids it, prophesying that the temple would be built by one of David's sons. [44] In the north, Saul's son Ish-Bosheth is anointed king of Israel, and war ensues until Ish-Bosheth is murdered. [101] They posit that Israel and Judah were still polytheistic or henotheistic in the time of David and Solomon, and that much later seventh-century redactors sought to portray a past golden age of a united, monotheistic monarchy in order to serve contemporary needs. David (Hebrew: )[a] is described in the Hebrew Bible as the third king of the United Monarchy of Israel and Judah, becoming king after Ish-bosheth. Donald B. Redford, however, sees all reconstructions from biblical sources for the United Monarchy period as examples of "academic wishful thinking". David Walker was born in 1796 or 1797 (some sources say 1785) in Wilmington, North Carolina. [83] In 2019, high-resolution photographs were taken of both the inscription itself, and the 19th-century original squeeze of the then still intact stele. David was the second and greatest of the kings of Israel, ruling in the 10th century BC. Some scholars suggest that this shape might have been used as an ornament in synagogues, even before its religious connotations were formed. Michael Langlois, 2019; The Kings, The City, and the House of David on the Mesha Stele in Light of New Imaging Techniques; Semitica, Vol. He goes first to Nob, where he is fed by the priest Ahimelech and given Goliath's sword, and then to Gath, the Philistine city of Goliath, intending to seek refuge with King Achish there. Achish's servants or officials question his loyalty, and David sees that he is in danger there. David Ricardo, (born April 18/19, 1772, London, Englanddied September 11, 1823, Gatcombe Park, Gloucestershire), English economist who gave systematized, classical form to the rising science of economics in the 19th century. King David was a descendant of Judah as well as Ruth, and was promised by Gd that his children would rule Israel forever. Lemaire, Andre (1999). In Hershel Shanks, ed., According to the Dead Sea Scrolls and Greek version of 2 Samuel 13:21, " he did not punish his son Amnon, because he loved him, for he was his firstborn. Davids great success as a warrior and empire builder was marred by interconnected family dissensions and political revolts. [103][104][105], Jacob L. Wright, Associate Professor of Hebrew Bible at Emory University, has written that the most popular legends about David, including his killing of Goliath, his affair with Bathsheba, and his ruling of a United Kingdom of Israel rather than just Judah, are the creation of those who lived generations after him, in particular those living in the late Persian or Hellenistic periods. [34] From there he takes refuge in the mountainous Wilderness of Ziph. [118], David is an important figure in Islam as one of the major prophets sent by God to guide the Israelites. In the Books of Samuel, David is a young shepherd who gains fame first as a musician and later by killing the enemy champion Goliath. A hundred years later, the Star of David was used again in the Leningrad Codex in 11 According to biblical tradition (and some say myth), David (c. 1035 - 970 BCE) was the second king in the ancient United Kingdom of Israel who helped establish the eternal throne of God. "[66] until Joab persuades him to recover from "the extravagance of his grief"[67] and to fulfill his duty to his people. His father died just after Davids second birthday,leaving him and his elder brother and sister in Katherine Falconer Hume realized that David was uncommonly precocious,so when his older brother went up to Edinburgh University, Hume wentwith him, although he was only 10 or 11. Historians of the Ancient Near East agree that David probably existed around 1000 BCE, but that there is little that can be said about him as a historical figure. David was the youngest of eight sons of Jesse, a farmer and sheep breeder of the Israelite tribe of Judah. [84], Besides the two steles, bible scholar and Egyptologist Kenneth Kitchen suggests that David's name also appears in a relief of Pharaoh Shoshenq (usually identified with Shishak in the Bible, 1 Kings 14:2527). Egypt and Israel had been en [13] Having been told that his younger daughter Michal was in love with David, Saul gave her in marriage to David upon David's payment in Philistine foreskins[14] (ancient Jewish historian Josephus lists the dowry as 600 Philistine heads). To tie together the various groups that constituted his kingdom, David took wives from them and created a harem. Mighty King, Conquring Warrior. He conquered Jerusalem, which he made Israels political and religious centre. David Livingstone was a Scottish missionary, abolitionist and physician known for his explorations of Africa, having crossed the continent during the mid-19th century. His son Solomon expanded the empire that David built. He was the father of Solomon, who expanded the empire that David built. God ultimately forgave David and Bathsheba but would not remove their sins from Scripture. 9. Others assert that the archaeological record strongly suggests that David was not the grand ruler of a rising kingdom but merely a gifted tribal leader of a pastoral, rather than urban, society. The ancient deity, Dagon, is known as the national god of the Philistines and has been known to be worshiped as a fertility god. After Saul and Jonathan are killed in battle, David is anointed as King. [49] Nathan also prophesies that God has made a covenant with the house of David stating, "your throne shall be established forever". When David was born in Bet Lechem, in the land of Yehuda, (in the year 2854 after Creation), he was only ten generations removed from Judah, one of Jacob 's twelve sons.. David belonged to the princely family of his tribe, which gave the Jewish people princes and leaders. Post the Definition of Star of David to Facebook Share the Definition of Star of David on Twitter [17], The Book of Chronicles lists his sons with his various wives and concubines. His piety was said to be so great that his prayers could bring down things from Heaven. Since there is no mention in the Qur'an of the wrong David did to Uriah nor any reference to Bathsheba, Muslims reject this narrative. Swedish Baby Names Meaning: In Swedish Baby Names the meaning of the name David is: Beloved. This aspect of David in the Nine Worthies was popularised firstly through literature, and was thereafter adopted as a frequent subject for painters and sculptors. [36] Returning from battle with the Philistines, Saul heads to Ein Gedi in pursuit of David and enters the cave where, as it happens, David and his supporters are hiding, "to attend to his needs". As a youth, David distinguished himself as a musician and warrior. David's son Absalom schemes to overthrow David. He spies a woman, Bathsheba, bathing and summons her; she becomes pregnant. Born of a slave father and a free mother, Walker grew up free, obtained an Saul plans to besiege Keilah so that he can capture David, so David leaves the city in order to protect its inhabitants. [12] Saul then gave Merab in marriage to Adriel the Meholathite. Adored and loved one. The ultimate goal of the Camp David Accords was to establish a framework for peace in the Middle East by formalizing Arab recognition of Israels right to exist, developing a procedure for the withdrawal of Israeli forces and citizens from the so-called Occupied Territories of the West Bank (which would enable the establishment of a Palestinian statethere) and taking steps to safeguard Israels security. According to Mazar, based on archeological evidences, the United Monarchy can be described as a "state in development". Swedish Baby Names Meaning: In Swedish Baby Names the meaning of the name David is: Beloved. 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