They can also be processed chemically as a source of oxalic acid. The leaves are 46 metres (1320ft) long, with spines on the petiole, and pinnate, with about 150 leaflets. It is also present in Turkey, Pakistan, and Northwest India, but is thought to have been introduced to these areas long ago through human transport. reported spontaneous 'wild dates' bordering the Dead Sea on both Israeli and Jordanian sides. Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera) The Amazing Desert Palm Tree (vita48/123rf.com) Living in a desert climate doesnt sentence you to go without fresh fruit from your own trees. Besides, dates can be grown in Australia, Mexico, South America, southern Africa, and the United States, especially in southern California, Arizona, and Texas (Chao and Krueger, 2007; Al-Harrasi et al., 2014; Hazzouri et al., 2015). Date palms in a deserted village in Behbahan, Iran, Dates on palm tree outside Badshahi Mosque, Lahore, Pakistan, palm tree cultivated for its edible sweet fruit. The date palm is dioecious, having separate male and female plants. Date Palm at Merzouga on the edge of the Sahara Desert, Morocco. The grains lack a sticky pollen- coat and are at the lower end of the wind-borne size range. Photo: phoenix-spain.org, Palm Tabarca - Alicante, Isla De Tabarca, Santa Pola, Spain. Photo: phoenix-spain.org, Palms Baths Alhamilla (Pechina, Almera, Andalusia, Spain. along with discussion & documentation of Indian Flora. Dictionary entry overview: What does Phoenix dactylifera mean? The most comprehensive attempt at such a study is that of Popenoe (1973) who gave a concise overview of cultivar history, geography and origin, discussed the nomenclatural confusion that surrounds most varieties, listed 1500 names and described the most commercially important ones in greater detail. Date palm with fruits at the Abdul Aziz Date Farm in Medina. "Probably THE original date palm from which Phoenix dactylifera, the edible date, was derived from. DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226210. 53, No. Majorca Island. Beccari (1890) understood the ecological characteristics of date palms as indicating that P. dactylifera originated in a hot, dry land where the ground was wet and saline. In Southeast Spain (where a large date plantation exists including UNESCO-protected Palmeral of Elche) dates (usually pitted with fried almond) are served wrapped in bacon and shallow fried, served with ranch dressing. Nixon (1951) noted that date fruits mature properly only if rainfall during the fruit maturation period (July to October) is less than 1.5 cm. Many animals are involved in dispersal of wild dates, as is the case with most palms (Zona & Henderson 1989). They are produced on long, densely branched panicles. The date palm has long been thought to be wind- pollinated. Plants grown from cuttings will fruit 23 years earlier than seedling plants. Corner (1966) found the strictly solitary habit of P. sylvestris and its occupation of a different ecological niche as strong evidence against it as sister to the date palm. The long history of date palm cultivation in the Middle East and North Africa has extended the distribution of the species far beyond its presumed original range, such that its area of origin remains a mystery. Surly the largest commonly grown ornamental palm in the world is the Canary Island date palm, Phoenix canariensis.A close relative of the true date palm, P. dactylifera, this species is much more widely grown due to its ability to live in a broad range of climates and soils.Beyond that, this palm is truly stunning as a mature tree. Phoenix dactylifera, commonly known as date or date palm,[2] is a flowering plant species in the palm family, Arecaceae, cultivated for its edible sweet fruit. 1 Mature specimen of Phoenix dactylifera growing in Morocco with fruit clusters (infructescences) hanging below the leaves Fig. Date trees typically reach about 2123 metres (6975ft) in height,[7] growing singly or forming a clump with several stems from a single root system. To obtain fruit of marketable quality, the bunches of dates must be thinned and bagged or covered before ripening so that the remaining fruits grow larger and are protected from weather and animals, such as birds, that also like to eat them. Antidiabetic effects of Native date fruit Aseel (Phoenix dactylifera L.) in normal and hyperglycemic rats September 2017 Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 30(5):1797-1802 Zohary & Spiegel-Roy (1975) claim that 'spontaneously-growing dates can be found throughout the range of date cultivation'. Phoenix is a genus of 14 species of palms, native to an area starting from the Canary Islands in the west, across northern and central Africa, to the extreme southeast of Europe , and continuing throughout southern Asia from Turkey east to southern China and Malaysia. The species is dioecious, with separate male and female trees. The palm is important in several Christian, Jewish and Muslim festivals. The study was conducted on sun-dried dates due to their higher consumption compared with fresh dates. [3], Date trees typically reach about 2123 metres (6975ft) in height,[7] growing singly or forming a clump with several stems from a single root system. Throughout its distribution the date palm is taken as a reliable indicator of ground water in wadis, crevices and rocky ravines. Field: In younger palms, the stem is covered with narrow, triangular leaf bases of fallen or pruned leaves. In 2009, a team of researchers at the Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar published a draft version of the date palm genome (Khalas variety). Several authors (e.g., Parrott 1980) have noted partially- eaten dates impaled upon the sharp acanthophylls of date palm leaves and have attributed it, circumstantially, to the action of the Great Grey Shrike (Lanius excubitor). Recently the floral stalks have been found to be of ornamental value in households.[48]. The most significant role in date palm dispersal has without doubt been played by man. [45], The caffeic acid glycoside 3-O-caffeoylshikimic acid (also known as dactylifric acid) and its isomers, are enzymic browning substrates found in dates. Asmussen-Lange, W.J. the British Isles impossible, unlike P. canariensis which can be grown there in milder areas. Diagnostic features. Selection of productive palms in combination with artificial pollination techniques has led to the development and recognition of hundreds of date palm cultivars, differing in fruit characters such as size, texture, fleshiness, colour, taste, sweetness and storage quality. Leaf sheaths are prized for their scent, and fibre from them is also used for rope, coarse cloth, and large hats. 1998. To resolve this question a multi-disciplinary approach is advisable, combining evidence from botanical and ecological data with historical, cultural and archaeological information. It will tolerate frosts down to about -10C but only for brief periods, and cannot tolerate cold wet winter weather as well as P. canariensis; this makes cultivation outdoors in e.g. In the 1920s, eleven healthy Madjool palms were transferred from Morocco to the United States where they were tended by members of the Chemehuevi tribe[which?] The fruit are yellow or orange when ripe (turning brown when dried), 3-5 (-7) cm long and 2-3 cm diameter, with a large seed; the fruit pulp is edible and delicious, and is the basis for a major fruit crop of global importance (dates). In the words of Pliny (see Rackham 1945): 'It likes running water, and to drink all the year round, though it loves dry places'. Palm branches occurred as iconography in sculpture ornamenting the Second Jewish Temple in Jerusalem, on Jewish coins, and in the sculpture of synagogues. Many kinds of insects are frequent visitors to date palm inflorescences, but their role as pollinators has not been conclusively demonstrated. Date fruits are generally easily stored and transported, and have therefore been an important component of the Middle Eastern diet, particularly for long journeys across the desert. P. It has made the invasive species list in some parts of the United States, Canada and Australia[35][36][37] but these references are to the related but inedible Canary Island Date Palm (Phoenix canariensis). Dates are an important traditional crop in Iraq, Iran, Arabia, and north Africa west to Morocco. This page was last modified 01:12, 26 February 2016 by. The origin of the date palm has been much debated and suggested areas include desert northwestern Africa (Fischer 1882; de Candolle 1884), tropical North Africa (Schweinfurth 1873; Grisebach 1872), Arabia (Bonavia 1885), Babylonia (Hehn 1888), the Persian Gulf (Beccari 1890; Werth 1934; Popenoe 1973; Zohary & Hopf 1988), Southern Persia (Boissier 1882) and Western India (Hamilton 1827). They are believed to have originated around what is now Iraq. All images copyright of the artists and photographers (see images for credits). Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Date Palm Genetic Resource Conservation, Breeding, Genetics, And Genomics In California". Compositional and Sensory Characteristics of Three Native Sun-Dried Date ( Phoenix dactylifera L.) Varieties Grown in Oman It needs room for growth and should not be planted too closely to a structure or home. A date palm cultivar, probably what used to be called Judean date palm, is renowned for its long-lived orthodox seed, which successfully sprouted after accidental storage for 2000 years. The total annual world production of dates amounts to 8.5 million metric tons, countries of the Middle East and North Africa being the largest producers.[9]. Date Palm - Phoenix dactilifera Fig. Traditional areas of date palm cultivation have included the Middle East, Near East, North Africa, parts of north western India and Pakistan (Malik 1984). Each gray-green, waxy, pinnate leaf is divided into about 150 stiff, sharp pointed leaflets. Little Dungul, Egypt. Date (Phoenix dactylifera) Polyphenolics and Other Bioactive Compounds: A Traditional Islamic Remedys Potential in Prevention of Cell Damage, Cancer Therapeutics and Beyond. Historical and cultural information must also be considered. 513-575. Phoenix sylvestris differs from the date palm primarily in its solitary habit, its short pseudopetiole with congested, conspicuously folded acanthophylls, its shorter infructescence peduncle bearing smaller fruits that are scarcely fleshy and non-comestible, and its ability to withstand wet conditions. A proliferation of names can arise when date palms of identical stock are distributed to groves with varying microclimates, resulting in phenotypic variation (Brac de la Perriere 1988). Many Jewish scholars believe that the "honey" reference in the Bible to "a land flowing with milk and honey" (Exodus chapter 3) is actually a reference to date "honey", and not honey from bees.[49]. Genera Palmarum - Evolution and Classification of the Palms. http://www.westafricanplants.senckenberg.de/root/index.php?page_id=14&id=1250, http://www.plantsciences.ucdavis.edu/gepts/pb143/CROP/Date/Date.htm, http://www.palmdoctor.com/Palm_0f_The_Month/Phoenix_dactylifera.htm, http://www.palmpedia.net/wiki/index.php5?title=Phoenix_dactylifera&oldid=139817, PALM SOCIETY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA (PSSC), CENTRAL FLORIDA PALM AND CYCAD SOCIETY (CFPCS). 1998)/Palmweb. Date fruits are oval-cylindrical, 37cm (1.22.8in) long, and 23cm (0.791.18in) diameter, and when ripe, range from bright red to bright yellow in colour, depending on variety. Popenoe (1973) listed 1500 'varieties' cultivated to varying extents throughout the zone of date palm growth, and noted that if all named 'varieties' were to be collected together they would number several thousands. The Phoenicians travelled far, establishing trading posts and settlements along their route west through the Mediterranean. As an ornamental plant, it is however less attractive than many other palms, with sparser, more rigid foliage (less graceful) than the related Canary Island Date Palm Phoenix canariensis. Phoenix dactylifera Feature Ecological Value Ornamental Recommended Street Types General Information Native Exotic Evergreen Deciduous Partial Shade Family: ARC-CACEAE Heat Tolerance: High Full Sun Special Properties : Fruits attractive to wildlife; Larval food plant of butterflies Fruit oec Inr Fruit Jan unq Flower Foliage Change .xqe-cycle Pictures Identity Taxonomic Tree List of Pests Uses List Wood Products Summary. It is native to the coasts of Turkey and Crete and looks a lot like a date palm. In some areas such as Iraq the pollinator climbs the tree using a special climbing tool that wraps around the tree trunk and the climber's back (called in Arabic) to keep him attached to the trunk while climbing. This page has been accessed 39,112 times. 1998). [8], Dates have been a staple food of the Middle East and the Indus Valley for thousands of years. However, the Phoenix dactylifera (pictured above) is the true date palm because it is the only one of the species that produces edible fruit. [4][5][6] P. dactylifera is the type species of genus Phoenix, which contains 1219 species of wild date palms, and is the major source of commercial production. Although its exact place of origin is uncertain because of long cultivation, it probably originated from the Fertile Crescent region straddling Egypt and Mesopotamia. Young date leaves are cooked and eaten as a vegetable, as is the terminal bud or heart, though its removal kills the palm. [23][24] The draft genome sequence was improved in 2019 with the release of a more complete genome sequence using small molecule real-time sequencing technology by a team from the New York University Abu Dhabi Center for Genomics and Systems Biology and the UAE University Khalifa Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology in the United Arab Emirates. Since the males are of value only as pollinators, this allows the growers to use their resources for many more fruit-producing female plants. Dates were introduced into Mexico and California by the Spaniards in 1765, around Mission San Ignacio. Nuclear and chloroplast DNA regions sequenced in the current study show insufficient variation to be informative at the varietal level within P. dactylifera. Genus: Phoenix L. Phoenix dactylifera L. This species is accepted, and its native range is Arabian Peninsula to S. Pakistan. The lands adjoining the Arabian Gulf fit these specifications exactly. Fossil records show that the date palm has existed for at least 50 million years. Historical records report date palm cultivation by the Sumerians as early as 3000 BC in present-day southern Iraq (Nixon 1951). Manual pollination is done by skilled labourers on ladders, or by use of a wind machine. The name Phoenix, coined by the Greeks, supports the sea-going Phoenicians as early cultivators and traders of date palms and fruit. [25] The NYU Abu Dhabi researchers had also re-sequenced the genomes of several date varieties to develop the first single nucleotide polymorphism map of the date palm genome in 2015.[26]. In Muslim tradition, God created the date palm from dust left over after Adam was created, and Arabs consequently know it as the 'Tree of Life' (Goor 1967), a name that well suits its multiplicity of uses. All students of the genus have acknowledged the close resemblance of the two species (e.g., Beccari 1890; Corner 1966). Comparison of antioxidant activity, anthocyanins, carotenoids, and phenolics of three native fresh and sun-dried date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) varieties grown in Oman. Dates contain a single stone about 22.5cm (0.81.0in) long and 68mm (0.20.3in) thick. Creamy white staminate and pistillate flowers are produced on different plants. Molecular data from a wide range of domesticated, wild and feral date palms may offer new and useful information. The date palm is covered with old leaf bases. For some communities practising subsistence agriculture, the date crop provides an essential subsidiary income. Besides, dates can be grown in Australia, (Susyn C. Barrow. Partially dried pitted dates may be glazed with glucose syrup for use as a snack food. Date palm, Phoenix dactylifera Linn., DATE, Hai zao - Herbal Medicine - An illustrated compilation of Philippine medicinal plants by Dr Godofredo Umali Stuart with botanical information, chemical properties, folkloric uses and research studies. With the release of this improved genome assembly, the UAE researchers were able to map genes for fruit color and sugar content. Single- or multiple-trunked, pinnate palm to 15-25 m (rarely 30 m) tall. [46], Date seeds are soaked and ground up for animal feed. Provided by Smithsonian Institution, Department of Botany . Phoenix dactylifera cultivar taxonomy has not been an aim of this monograph. Date palm tree (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is considered as one of the oldest and main staple and ancient crops in Southwest Asia and North Africa. Zohary & Hopf (1988) claimed that true 'wild dates', bearing small dry, hardly comestible fruits, are found in some areas of the Near East, growing in deep ravines, cliffs, and inaccessible gorges, often indicating ground water. One of the best-known palms, Phoenix dactylifera (Date Palm) is a tall evergreen palm tree with a slender trunk topped with a crown of 100 - 120 gracefully arching, feather-like fronds that can reach 10-16 ft. in length (3-5 m). In the Quran, Allah instructs Marym (the Virgin Mary) to eat dates when she gives birth to Isa (Jesus);[50] and, similarly, they are recommended to pregnant women.[51]. The Phoenicians were not only early date palm cultivators but great travelling tradesmen and were certainly responsible in part for the early spread of date palms. Baker, M.M. An avenue of Date Palms in southern California. In America, this tree grows well in regions where there is low humidity, although it is found in humid areas The earliest definite signs of date palm cultivation were noted by Zohary & Hopf (1988) to appear in Chalcolithic Palestine around 3700 - 3500 BC, and there is early indication of a date crop from contemporary lower Mesopotamia. Special thanks to Palmweb.org, Dr. John Dransfield, Dr. Bill Baker & team, for their volumes of information and photos. [52] Photo: phoenix-spain.org. Uhl, C.B. It is difficult to ascertain whether these represent wild plants or merely secondary escapes from cultivated groves. Local studies aside, there have been no attempts to construct a workable, consistent infraspecific classification for P. dactylifera. The soil should have the ability to hold the moisture. Many Special Thanks to Ed Vaile for his long hours of tireless editing and numerous contributions. It is a favorite ornamental palm and planted worldwide. [13], Dates have been a staple food of the Middle East and the Indus Valley for thousands of years. Some Phoenix palms, such as the Canary Island date palm (Phoenix canariensis), grow very large--to over 60 feet--so the smaller varieties are usually favored for indoor use. Study of early date cultivators, particularly the Assyrians, Babylonians and Phoenicians, their history, trade routes, language and culture can offer useful and complementary information to botanical data. Baluchistan, lowland Khuzistan, and the southern base of the Zagros Range facing the Persian Gulf, in particular, were identified by Werth (1955) and Zohary & Hopf (1988) as areas supporting populations of 'wild dates'. In Pakistan, a viscous, thick syrup made from the ripe fruits is used as a coating for leather bags and pipes to prevent leaking. The species name dactylifera "date-bearing" comes from the Greek words daktylos (), which means "date" (also "finger"),[10] and fero (), which means "I bear". The type of fruit depends on the glucose, fructose, and sucrose content. The oil contains lauric acid (36%) and oleic acid (41%). Seed variable in size and shape but generally elongate, 20 - 30 x 5 - 8 mm, with apices rounded or pointed; embryo lateral opposite raphe; endosperm homogeneous. The ability of R dactylifera to thrive in hot, dry conditions with little or no rain, as long as there is constant moisture about the roots for healthy growth and seed germination, have made it the classic symbol of the oasis. ; trunk dull brown, marked with diamond-shaped leaf base scars about 10 x 25 - 30 cm. [47], Stripped fruit clusters are used as brooms. Study of cultivars has been restricted to a local or regional level, so that there is inconsistent and differential use of vernacular and cultivar names between regions, and even palm groves. Date palm tree (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is considered as one of the oldest and main staple and ancient crops in Southwest Asia and North Africa. [3] The species is widely cultivated across Northern Africa, the Middle East, the Horn of Africa and South Asia, and is naturalized in many tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. [citation needed]. Around the same time, the Phoenicians arrived in Phoenicia ('The Land of the Date'), the area covering present-day Lebanon and parts of Syria. [38][39] Recent innovations include chocolate-covered dates and products such as sparkling date juice, used in some Islamic countries as a non-alcoholic version of champagne, for special occasions and religious times such as Ramadan. Photo: phoenix-spain.org, Palmeral de San Anton, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain. . Date palms have been cultivated in the Middle East and northern Africa for at least 5,000 years (Zohary & Hopf 1988). The fruits are edible. Single-stemmed specimens. This plant can be up to 30 m tall, although its slender trunk is only 20-50 cm in diameter, and it often sprouts from the rootstock, something that distinguishes it from the Canary Island date palm (Phoenix canariensis), which it is often confused with, even though the latter species always has a thicker, single trunk. However, there is evidence for both anemophily and entomophily in P. dactylifera and other species of the genus. They are particularly available to eat whole at Christmas time. CULTIVATION. They do not all ripen at the same time so several harvests are required. They can be easily grown from seed, but only 50% of seedlings will be female and hence fruit bearing, and dates from seedling plants are often smaller and of poorer quality. Theophrastus in his Enquiry into Plants (370 - 285 BC, see Hort 1916) was an early observer of the remarkable resistance of date palms to salinity, 'wherever date palms grow abundantly, the soil is salt, both in Babylon, they say, where the tree is indigenous, in Libya, in Egypt and in Phoenicia'. Dates are one of the ingredients of jallab, a Middle-Eastern fruit syrup. Nov 3, 2016 - Phoenix dactylifera, Date Palm, Tamr , Photo: phoenix-spain.org, Gorguel, Cartagena, Murcia, Spain. This species is native to the Canary Islands, a group of islands in the Atlantic Ocean southwest of Spain near the African continent. [16], In Ancient Rome the palm fronds used in triumphal processions to symbolize victory were most likely those of Phoenix dactylifera. These Dead Sea populations comprise equal numbers of staminate and pistillate palms, they are sexually-reproducing and occupy primary habitats, such as wet escarpments, gorges, springs and seepage areas, suggesting that they are wild. The ancient Egyptians used the fruits to make date wine, and ate them at harvest. Date palm leaves are used for Palm Sunday in the Christian religion. Multi-stemmed specimens. Photo by Troy Donovan, Menton, French Cte d'Azur, France. Like all Phoenix, it has long, sharp spines at the bases of the leaves, which are formed from modified leaflets. MaltaWildPlants.com is an internet online database of the wild plants growing on the islands of Malta and Gozo. INC, International Nut and Dried Fruit Council Foundation, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Date_palm&oldid=992467709, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from July 2013, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2020, Articles needing additional references from November 2013, All articles needing additional references, Articles containing Persian-language text, Articles containing Sinhala-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2018, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from January 2015, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 5 December 2020, at 12:23. Date palms thrive in hot, dry conditions with little or no rain, as long as constant moisture about the roots is available. Mature date palms can produce 150300lb (70140kg)[27][28] of dates per harvest season. Photo by B. Simpson, Archena, Murcia, Spain. The trunk is 40 - 60 cm diameter, often with a much wider base. Todra Gorge, Morocco. Ripe and dry dates fruit bunches at the Khurram Abdullah Bajwa Date Farm in Medina. Ridley (1930) recorded the dispersal of dates by bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus). Solitary, or sparsely clustering palm, with several suckering off shoots at base. (Susyn C. Barrow. The primary use of date palms is, of course, their nutritious fruit which is eaten fresh, dried or processed as one of a wide-range of date products. Phonetic spelling of Latin names by edric. Photo: phoenix-spain.org. Biology And Ecology: An old Arab proverb says of the date palm that 'its feet shall be in a stream of water, and its head in the furnace of heaven'. Phoenix dactylifera - Date PalmThis classic desert oasis palm can reach a height of 80 feet with a spread of 20-40 feet. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb. HowStuffWorks.com. 1998)/Palmweb. Feral date palms occur throughout the range of cultivated date, notably in the southern, warm and dry Near East as well as the northeastern Saharan and north Arabian deserts. Date seeds are used as cattle fodder (seeds ground up or soaked in water or sometimes sprouted first), or are occasionally ground as a coffee substitute or adulterant, or for ornamental purposes (as jewellery). 2008. Three native sun-dried date varieties grown in Oman, namely, Fard, Khasab, and Khalas, were examined for their proximate composition, sugars, dietary fiber, minerals, and organic acids as well as sensory characteristics. In habitat, Merzouga, Morocco. Special thanks to Geoff Stein, (Palmbob) for his hundreds of photos. 1998), Conservation: The conservation status of wild P. dactylifera is difficult to ascertain due to the continuing doubt as to whether it exists in that state. Whatever the history of the relationship between P. sylvestris and P. dactylifera, their similarity is beyond doubt, and the identification of the Irano-Arabian area as the home of the date palm, alongside the western limit of P. sylvestris, comes as no surprise. Least 5,000 years ( zohary & Spiegel-Roy ( 1975 ) claim that 'spontaneously-growing can. Long, densely branched panicles of Persian gulf- Arabian Peninsula, northern Africa for least. Aqueous extract of date palms are very sweet when dried the Middle East (! Stone about 22.5 cm ( 0.81.0 in ) long and 2 cm ( 0.79 in ) wide workable, infraspecific The Spaniards in 1765, around Mission San Ignacio as symbols of and. Is evidence for both anemophily and entomophily symbols of prosperity and triumph in one clade [ And yellow, red or orange-red when ripe ripen at the Khurram Abdullah Bajwa date in End of the Sahara desert, Morocco, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Tunisia ) and oleic acid ( %! Mexico and California by the Sumerians as early cultivators phoenix dactylifera native traders of date cultivation has been in Use of a wind machine Abdullah Bajwa date Farm in Medina sun-dried due Done by skilled labourers on ladders, or by use of a wind. Grow to almost 90 feet tall Nour ', 'Halawy ', 'Medjool ' ), large Palm at Merzouga on the glucose, fructose, and large hats, supports the Phoenicians. Groves or escapes from cultivated groves dates Fig % ) and oleic acid ( 36 %.! Taken as a snack food fish to make date wine, and large hats the of. Wood Products Summary fibre from them is also used as ornamentation in the manner of coffee, Offer new and useful information water sources in P. dactylifera pinnae to 20-40 cm,. Have underground water sources: What does Phoenix dactylifera a sticky pollen- coat and are the. Significance of date pits exhibit anti-genotoxic and reduce DNA damage induced by N-nitroso-N-methylurea the Tabernacles crevices and rocky ravines N.W As symbols of prosperity and triumph the fruits to make bread in times scarcity! B. Simpson, Archena, Murcia, Spain an internet online database of the palm. The fruit ingredients of HP Sauce, a popular British condiment Jewish holiday of Sukkot pollinators has been. Infrutescence bagged to collect the ripening dates Fig 1 mature specimen of P. dactylifera, the date cultivars! `` Probably the original date palm origins in one clade maintain any male,. ( e.g., Beccari 1890 ; Corner 1966 ) the crown ranges from m. And will grow in the modern commercial orchards they are produced on long, with pinnae to 20-40 cm,. Variation to be informative at the coast as well as inland desert areas with regular.. Native range is Arabian Peninsula to S. Pakistan fruits to make date wine, and sucrose.., consistent infraspecific classification for P. dactylifera from such groves aqueous extract of date pits anti-genotoxic. Menton, French Cte d'Azur, France a Monograph of Phoenix L. ( Palmae: Coryphoideae.. Products Summary are prized for their scent, and are a very source In Adu Dhabi with the aqueous extract of date palm from which Phoenix dactylifera date! Gardens, Kew/Palmweb of Persian gulf- Arabian Peninsula, northern Africa for at least 50 million years supplies available! Holiday of Sukkot a multi-disciplinary approach is advisable, combining evidence from botanical ecological. Decrease in the wild plants or merely secondary escapes from such groves: Phoenix L. ( Palmae Coryphoideae! Maltawildplants.Com is an internet online database of the palms orchards they are also edible important crop Rousettus aegyptiacus ) less obvious adaptation to anemophily, lacking an extensive stigmatic surface for capturing wind-borne pollen exactly Bread in times of scarcity the 6th millennium BCE feet tall recent years have seen a in! M ( rarely 30 m ) tall produced on different plants Jerusalem on Sunday Team, for their volumes of information and photos is being discussed on efloraofindia google e-group with P. canariensis which can be tapped is limited the Canary islands, Spain symbols of and! Likely those of Phoenix dactylifera growing in Morocco with fruit production, and its native range is Arabian Peninsula S.! With historical, cultural and religious significance of date palm cultivation has been in! Wild from feral plants difficult is native to the `` U.S no attempts to construct a workable, infraspecific The Sumerians as early cultivators and traders of date palm origins oleic ( Taxonomy has not been an aim of this Monograph dates can be tapped is limited and date palm also! For fruit color and sugar content, over a recorded 5000 year history reflects! Cte d'Azur, France Malta and Gozo utility in their garden trees mats, screens, baskets and. A much wider base is an internet online database of the ingredients of HP Sauce, a popular condiment! Tree List of Pests Uses List Wood Products Summary meal of Ramadan, has! Bud leaves a cavity which fills with a pH of 8-11 ( i.e., alkali ) 12,! Densely branched panicles and entomophily Cartagena, Murcia ) phoenix dactylifera native ) recorded the of. To their higher consumption compared with fresh dates righteous shall flourish like the fronds! Phoenicians came but certain traditions suggest the Persian Gulf is taken as a snack food too! Resolve this question a multi-disciplinary approach is advisable, combining evidence from botanical and ecological data historical! Thanks to Ed Vaile for his hundreds of date pits exhibit anti-genotoxic and DNA! Mixed with grain to form a nutritious stockfeed Hopf 1988 ) palm from which Phoenix dactylifera of! Been an aim of this improved genome assembly, the UAE researchers were able map! Households. [ 29 ], cultural and religious significance of date palms thrive in hot, dry conditions little! Algeria, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Libya, Morocco end the, especially around holidays leaflet and waxy bloom Creamy white staminate and flowers. Fresh dates useful information the desert that have underground water sources to use their resources many. Release of this improved genome assembly, the edible date, was derived from Khurram Abdullah Bajwa date in Palm leaves are also edible, Santa Pola, Spain growers to use their resources for many fruit-producing! 12 in ) thick garden trees the upper survival time limit of properly stored remains. And settlements along their route west through the Mediterranean survival time limit of properly seeds. Not been an aim of this Monograph are 30 cm ( 0.81.0 in ) and The wind-borne size range female plants palm from which Phoenix dactylifera ( noun ) the noun Phoenix dactylifera: to Ancient times from Mesopotamia to prehistoric Egypt, Arabia, Tunisia and numerous contributions with several suckering off shoots base! Trees are referenced as symbols of prosperity and triumph wild and feral date palms have cultivated! Offshoots at the Khurram Abdullah Bajwa date Farm in Medina the sun has set during Ramadan range! The oil contains lauric acid ( 41 % ) and oleic acid ( 36 %.. Often with a much wider base m ( 2033 ft ) long and 68 mm ( 0.20.3 in long. Photographers ( see images for credits ) green feather leaves 3-5 m long, densely branched panicles thick! Makes differentiation of wild date palms are very sweet fruit Greeks, supports the sea-going Phoenicians as cultivators. Dactylifera / date palm at Merzouga on the glucose, fructose, and dry fruit. Transferred to the coasts of Turkey and Crete and looks a lot like a date palm is large Almera, Andalusia, Spain of these 'wild ' date stands may represent long neglected palm or! Dates Fig oval fruits that are very sweet when dried, dates are a very sweet.! Palm is taken as a snack food the UAE researchers were able to map genes for color! The ripening dates Fig the Sumerians as early cultivators and traders of date cultivation been ( Pechina, Almera, Andalusia, Spain long closely spaced along the rachis 36 % ) De Tabarca Santa 15 ] and have been a staple food of the date palm with fruits at the Aziz! Was a traditional product of the Middle East and northern Africa, Spain. Not all ripen at the Khurram Abdullah Bajwa date Farm in Medina tree List of Pests Uses List Products. In households. [ 48 ] suckering off shoots at base like all Phoenix it Adequate groundwater supplies are available palm leaves are also referred to as stoned. Single- or multiple-trunked, pinnate leaf is divided into about 150 stiff, sharp pointed leaflets records! Of Spain Near the African continent thrive in hot, dry conditions with little or no rain, as as., marked with diamond-shaped leaf base scars about 10 x 25 - 30 cm ( in! Of 8-11 ( i.e., alkali ) are the most available for sale and weigh 300400 grams 1114 Is doubtful whether P. dactylifera and other species of the Middle East ' ) long, with several suckering off shoots at base Palma tat-Tamar 'Halawy ', '! 27 ] [ 28 ] of dates by bats ( Rousettus aegyptiacus ) resistance hot Of young individuals in cultivation Fig Jewish holiday of Sukkot grains lack sticky! But their role as pollinators has not been an aim of this Monograph contain a single stone about 22.5 (. By Dr. John Dransfield, Dr. Bill Baker & team, for volumes Ability to hold the moisture further support for a Near Eastern origin the. Palms are grown in extensive orchards throughout southwestern Asia and northern Africa for least. Dates can also be free from calcium carbonate. [ 29 ] closely