is produced) and includes silviculture and harvesting, debarking, and chipping. Primary wood pulp is produced mainly in large inte-, grated mills, which in Europe have an average output, of some 180 000 tonnes per year (t/y) of fiber. In this study, it is used to assess the environmental performance of alternative solid waste management options that could be used in an area of the South of Italy suffering from a situation of weighty solid waste emergency. constructed and is currently under demonstration. /Type /Page Il lavoro illustra i risultati della prima fase del progetto PRIN 2006 “Analisi comparativa di percorsi per il recupero di materia e di energia da rifiuti” relativo all’ottimizzazione delle attività di recupero di materia ed energia in sistemi di gestione integrata dei rifiuti urbani. Sensitivity analysis has been used to test some of the assumptions used in the initial life cycle inventory model but none have a significant effect on the overall results. recovery and landfilling without recovery of valuable, Purpose – The aim of the paper is to understand the environmental performances of the current management activities of organic waste from separate collection. Sweden and other Baltic states are already, exporting wood-fuel to countries with carbon-intensive, energy sectors as a way of reducing their nonrenewable, carbon dioxide emissions. /Resources 19 0 R Solid Waste Work Group – White Paper 6 The Thurston County Solid Waste program (in the Public Works Department) is responsible for the overall administration of the County’s solid waste system. environmental, not economic, performance. >> The analysis here quantifies, the benefits of converting wood to paper in a low-carbon, economy and then using the postconsumer waste paper, as an energy source in a carbon-intensive economy. differ between different types of waste. The remaining 40% of collected biogas is flared, to convert hydrocarbons to carbon dioxide and thus, The amount of leachate produced was estimated to, the integrity of the sealing of the landfill, and the, original water content of the buried waste. Consequently, that can be created the environmental problems and several health effects such as cancers, allergies, and irritability. The textile industry comprises a broad spectrum of units and generates large amount of wastewater containing several hazardous and toxic matters including heavy metals, pesticides, pigments and dyes (azo dyes), acids and soda, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). /F 4 /Count 5 Essa avaliação considerou todas as fases do sistema de gestão dos RSD: coletas regular e seletiva, reciclagem, disposição final e transportes intermediários. The focus will be the Italian system for paper and paperboard recycling and that for all plastic packagings. IWM-2 is delivered on CD inside the book. Also a framework of the systems evaluation has been performed at two levels; first, the emissions accounted for in the inventory stage have been arranged into impact categories to obtain an indicator for each category; and secondly, the weighting of environmental data to a single unit has been applied. organizing the LCI inputs and outputs into specific, evaluates the study in order to derive recommendations, and conclusions. Net energy consumption related to each scenario with the indication of the contribution coming from the different stages. LCA studies are carried out for a number, is a conventional or engineering LCA, characterized as, “a process to evaluate the environmental burdens as-, sociated with a product, process, or activity by identify-, ing and quantifying energy and materials used and, wastes released to the environment; to assess the impact, of those energy and material uses and releases to the, environment; and to identify and evaluate opportunities, international standards ISO 14040-43, the structure of, of the study, indicates the intended audience, and, describes the system studied as well as the options that, collects and analyses all the material and energy inputs. As a result, the best alternative to the existing waste management system can be identified. Conclusions and Outlook The resulting environmental and cost parameters Let Waste Management be your partner in taking care of your trash pickup. is implemented into the decision support tool to provide a life-cycle management evaluation of integrated municipal solid Front Load Dumpsters and Containers. /Parent 2 0 R Practical implications – This paper may help public administrators in better understanding the suitability of using LCA when developing solid waste management strategies. In, the case of the paper waste management scenarios, considered here, the dominant impacts are energy use, and emissions of greenhouse gases, with acid gas, emissions, water consumption, and solid waste volumes. << >> The same quantity of virgin PET requires more than 77 MJ. ecosystems, land use, occupational health and safety, plus disamenity impacts such as odor, noise, and visual, The system boundary for life cycle assessment is, defined as part of goal and scope definition. The need for the extensive use of sustainability assessment as a standalone tool to evaluate the environmental, economic and social aspects of an activity be it at project, product, company or region level has resulted in the development of various methods and standards. To make it more widely accessible, this edition provides the new tool in Windows format, with greatly improved input and output features, and the ability to compare different scenarios. Chem. /MediaBox [0 0 595.3800048828 841.9799804688] Packaging waste enters the fore-, ground system at the point where it is collected as a, segregated stream or delivered to a drop-off site han-, dling segregated waste. /Kids [3 0 R 4 0 R 5 0 R 6 0 R 7 0 R] Mahbub., “Scenario of Market Waste Management and Environmental Degradation: A Case Study in Khulna City Area,” Proceedings of the Waste Safe 2013 -3,d International Conference on Solid Waste management in the Developing Countries 10-12 February 2013, KhuIna, Bangladesh. << As an immediate consequence of the success of the present study, the joint-research programme with CONAI has been extended for another three years. Other, differing results can be explained by the assumptions made concerning the energy source used instead of the energy from incineration when paper is recycled instead of incinerated (called ‘the alternative energy source’). The study confirmed the expected improvements, indicating quantitatively the lower environmental impact resulting from structural upgrade operations in a WtE plant. Waste management is improving day by day with new research and thinking. Responsibility for reducing waste generation generally lies with management, who decides what is brought into the The range, of primary data obtained ensured that the data used in, the LCA study was truly representative and as precise, and complete as possible and also gave an indication of, changes over time and of the range of variation between, further improved by taking into account the specific, characteristics of the packaging waste and of the process, waste handled within the foreground system (see Figure, 3), allowing for the dependence of the environmental, performance of the recycling system on the grade of, these possible differences and the validity of the as-, sumption that an “average” packaging product can be, assessment phase of LCA, the considerable body of, quantitative information contained in the inventory, table is simplified to show the contributions to a, monly the case that a few environmental impacts, dominate the results for a specific LCA comparison. In particular, the, energy requirements of the RCF mill represent more, than 90% of the totals, with limited contribution from, the collection and sorting stages which provide the, main differences between the products. The inventory also takes into account all the, environmental burdens related to the conditioning of, As noted above, environmental comparisons between, different products and waste management scenarios are, dominated by energy consumption and greenhouse gas, emissions. Alternatively, the increase in the human population and the industrial and economic growth has created several issues regarding environmental pollution, at present and for future. /Parent 2 0 R Four, six, eight and ten cubic yard sizes serviced up to six days per week. Developed from chemical engineering principles and energy analysis, the life cycle assessment is an internationally standardized method that is able to account for upstream and downstream inputs and emissions related to the life cycle of a product or a service. The life cycle impacts of the two product categories were compared and scaled according to EU consumption of 2016. 4 0 obj and equipment capital costs and operating costs per ton processed at the facility. /Group 21 0 R Our proposed framework defines three sustainability aspects of food packaging, namely direct environmental effects of packaging, packaging-related food losses and waste, as well as circularity. including materials balance simulation and treatment cost estimation is Biogas, production was estimated to be 120 standard cubic, meters (at a reference temperature of 20 °C and 1 atm), the landfill gas are methane, typically 50, the balance being mainly carbon dioxide plus less than. The review by, associated with this type of mill (Figure 6). The results confirm that material recycling may not be the best environmental option. /CropBox [0 0 595.3800048828 841.9799804688] strategies throughout the world. 2. The results quantify the relative advantages and disadvantages of different management schemes and suggest some possible improvements in design and operating criteria. Uncertainty analysis gave 95% confidence interval of 6.2–17.5 kg CO2-eq and 41.8–115 MJ per kg of Asiago cheese. Goal, Scope and Background. burdens coming from additional functional outputs from each systems. The proportion of recycled, fiber is relatively high in newsprint (49%), tissue and, other hygiene papers (67%), packaging liners and fluted, The recycled paper sector has been beset by price, volatility, particularly brought about by promotion of, waste recovery before the industrial infrastructure was, in place to process recovered fiber. Although this conclusion runs counter, to common perceptions, it confirms results from a, number of previous studies (e.g. /Type /Catalog Therefore, scenarios a and c, in which paper is not recycled, make, environmental impact categories for each of the main, recycled products for packaging paper and board were, quantified, to investigate differences between the eco-, performances of these products. /Subtype /Link This will be made possible by using such method as the criticality assessment that enable the consideration of geological and geopolitical supply risk as well as the characterization of the system dependence to a specific resource. To introduce the reader to the solid waste management field, an overview of municipal solid waste problems, sources, collection, resource recovery, and disposal methods are presented in this paper. Originality/value – The study integrated the findings of different investigations from the literature with field measured data in order to obtain a more comprehensive framework representative of the area under study. Air and water emissions related to each scenario. These benefits are not offset by energy use, in primary paper production, because this takes place, in Sweden, where the energy system is much less carbon. Natural materials are increasingly limited, encouraging the use of materials such as waste materials that have not been widely used for building materials or manufacturing products. /StructParent 101 tion refers to processes that increase the acidity of water, and soil systems. The waste management unit processes included in this tool are waste collection, transfer stations, recovery, Although the four phases are conven-, tionally carried out sequentially, the overall process is, iterative in that earlier phases may be revisited in the, The purpose of applying LCA to waste management, is principally to ensure that the balance between the, local impacts of waste collection and treatment are offset, clearly and systematically against any benefits of. At the plant, electricity and fuels usage, refrigerants, packaging and wastewater treatment had the highest contribution to the overall impacts, except for fresh water eutrophication where wastewater treatment had the largest impact. >> /Contents 20 0 R This approach promotes the efficient use of resources and reduces the volume of waste material that must be handled by employees and hauled away from the property. Collecting more waste via source separation waste collection systems is an essential part of increasing resource efficiency, achieving European recycling targets and closing the loop in a circular economy. Data from Arena et al. materials. Sweden, and Finland have the largest mills, with a capacity of, 250 000 t/y or more, with a few smaller mills producing. /StructParents 24 This paper summarizes the methodology for applying LCA to Integrated Waste Management of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) developed for and now used by the UK Environment Agency, including recent developments in international fora. The focus of waste management in South Africa is changing. 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