According to Maxwell's electromagnetic theory, the charged particle that is subject to the acceleration of electromagnetic radiation must be emitted. Dual Behavior of Electromagnetic Radiation: ... Go back to Class 11 Main Page using below links Class 11 Maths Class 11 Physics Class 11 Chemistry Class 11 Biology. Chapter 11 DUAL NATURE OF MATTER AND RADIATION Introdcution Light exhibit dual nature - wave nature and particle nature. Dual nature of radiation 1. Hurry! These rays are produced in a discharge tube at a pressure below 0.01 rom of mercury. De Broglie gave the relationship between wavelength (λ) and momentum (p) of a material particle. The electrons thus emitted are called photoelectrons. Does only light have a dual nature? 1 | P a g e (Visit for all ncert solutions in text and videos, CBSE syllabus, note and many more) Physics Notes Class 12 Chapter 11 Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter Cathode Rays Cathode rays are the stream of fast moving electrons. The emitted electrons are called photoelectrons and the current so produced is called photoelectric current. Greater is the intensity of incident light or the number of photons that strike a metal, greater is the number of electrons ejected. For the Love of Physics - Walter Lewin - May 16, 2011 - Duration: 1:01:26. Thus light exhibit wave - particle duality. The dual nature of radiation here basically mean ‘the wave nature’ and ‘the particle nature’. … Maybe these were the questions that led Louis Victor de Broglie to come up with one of the most revolutionary equations in Physics, the de Broglie equation. Dual Behaviour of Electromagnetic Radiation. In photo electric effect, compton effect etc particle nature is observed. The model does not provide information about how electrons are distributed around the nucleus and what is the energy of those electrons. Dual nature of matter is an important concept in JEE physics. where. These rays are produced in a discharge tube at a pressure below 0.01 rom of mercury. wave nature of electromagnetic radiation and it's characteristics. So the orbit must be narrowed. These are very useful summary notes with neatly explained examples for best revision of the Physics book. YOGESH PANDEY CLASS XII CDAYAWATI MODI ACADEMY 2. This is possible only when you have the best CBSE Class 11 Chemistry study material and a smart preparation plan. This is possible only when you have the best CBSE Class 11 Chemistry study material and a smart preparation plan. Offer ending soon! These fields are transmitted in the form of waves having same wavelengths, frequency, speed and amplitude and are called electromagnetic waves or electromagnetic radiations. But this does not happen. • There are four types of electron emission, namely, Thermionic Emission, Photoelectric Emission, Field Emission and secondary emission. Chapter 2 Structure Of Atom. Radiations which are associated with electric and magnetic field are called electromagnetic radiations. The wave nature of light can be observed in the phenomena of interference, diffraction and polarisation. In 1887, Hertz performed an experiment in which he observed that when the surface of certain metals such as cesium, potassium, sodium, and rubidium exposed to a beam of light, then electrons were ejected. One the one hand, it could explain the photoelectric effect satisfactorily but on the other hand, this was not consistent with the known wave behavior of light which could account for the phenomena of interference and diffraction. BOOK FREE CLASS; COMPETITIVE EXAMS. The particle nature of light posed a dilemma for scientists. Einstein explained photoelectric effect using Planck's quantum theory of electromagnetic radiation. Electromagnetic Spectrum. These packets of energy can be treated as particles. It is observed that the kinetic energy of the ejected electron depends upon the frequency of the incident light but not on the intensity of the light radiation. Maybe these were the questions that led Louis Victor de Broglie to come up with one of the most revolutionary equations in Physics, the de Broglie equation. Lectures by Walter Lewin. Electromagnetic radiation by James maxwell (1870). Matter, like radiation, exhibits dual behaviour (i.e., both particle and wave-like properties). On the other hand, radiations exhibit a phenomenon of interference and diffraction which indicated that they possess wave nature. Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter Class 12 Notes Chapter 11. Detailed explanation with examples on photoelectric-effect-and-dual-behaviour-of-electromagnetic-r helps you to understand easily . Free Class 11 Science, Chemistry Notes, Class 11 Scince Syllabus, CBSE Class Notes and Study Material, from the latest edition of CBSE (NCERT) books. Dual behaviour of matter; Heisenberg uncertainty principle; Dual Behaviour of Matter The French physicist, de Broglie proposed that matter, like radiation, should also exhibit dual behaviour i. e., both particle and wavelike properties. Physics Notes Class 12 Chapter 11 Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter Cathode Rays Cathode rays are the stream of fast moving electrons. The wavelength of the wave associated with any material particle was calculated as: In case of photon, if it is assumed to have a wave character, its energy is given by E = hν where ν is the frequency of the wave and h is Pla… Class-11CBSE Board - Photoelectric Effect And Dual Behaviour Of Electromagnetic Radiation - LearnNext offers animated video lessons with neatly explained examples, Study Material, FREE NCERT Solutions, Exercises and Tests. The model does not provide information about how electrons are distributed around the nucleus and what is the energy of those electrons. Note to our visitors :-Thanks for visiting our website. PLEASE READ MY … CBSE class 12 chapter wise notes based on chapter 11, Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter, of class 12 NCERT Physics textbook are available in this article. Learn atomic structure of Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, Helium, Nitrogen and other elements. Lecture 2 . DISCLOSURE: THIS PAGE MAY CONTAIN AFFILIATE LINKS, MEANING I GET A COMMISSION IF YOU DECIDE TO MAKE A PURCHASE THROUGH MY LINKS, AT NO COST TO YOU. also have momentum as well as wavelength. Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter: Wave theory of electromagnetic radiations explained the phenomenon of interference, diffraction and polarization. Photoelectric Effect The phenomenon of emission of photoelectron from the surface of metal, when a light beam of suitable frequency is incident on it, is called photoelectric effect. Wave–particle duality postulates that all particles exhibit both wave and particle properties. Dual Behaviour of Electromagnetic Radiation. But this does not happen. Class Notes. How could we measure and prove that? Electromagnetic radiation—light—is a form of energy whose behavior is described by the properties of both waves and particles. CBSE Class 11 Physics Syllabus 2017 - 2018. PARTICLE: ELECTRON. DISCLOSURE: THIS PAGE MAY CONTAIN AFFILIATE LINKS, MEANING I GET A COMMISSION IF YOU DECIDE TO MAKE A PURCHASE THROUGH MY LINKS, AT NO COST TO YOU. Dual Nature Of Matter And Radiation Class 12 Notes Pdf Download • The elementary particle in an atom having negative charge of magnitude 1.6 x 10-19 C and mass of 9.1 x 10-19 kg is called electron. Matter and radiations had a dual … Towards the end of the nineteenth century, Maxwell's equations established that light was an electromagnetic wave. Where, m is the mass of the particle and v is its velocity. Electromagnetic wave theory This theory was put forward by James clark Maxwell in 1864.. • Dual Behaviour of Electromagnetic Radiation From the study of behaviour of light, scientists came to the conclusion that light and other electromagnetic radiations have dual nature. 06.11 Hess’s Law and Enthalpies for Different Types of Reactions. DUAL NATURE OF RADIATION AND MATTER 3. As the threshold frequency for potassium metal is 5.0×1014. In photo electric effect, compton effect etc particle nature is observed. How could we measure and prove that? One the one hand, it could explain the photoelectric effect satisfactorily but on the other hand, this was not consistent with the known wave behavior of light which could account for the phenomena of interference and diffraction. We will study the different nature that a matter possesses or exhibits and it can be either particle nature or wave nature. m = mass of electron, E = total energy of electron. Dual behaviour of matter; Heisenberg uncertainty principle; Dual Behaviour of Matter The French physicist, de Broglie proposed that matter, like radiation, should also exhibit dual behaviour i. e., both particle and wavelike properties. Home keyboard_arrow_right; Kerala Class-11 keyboard_arrow_right; Chemistry keyboard_arrow _right; Structure of Atom keyboard_arrow_right; Photoelectric Effect And Dual Behaviour Of Electromagnetic Radiation … On the other hand, quantum theory of e.m. radiations successfully explained the photoelectric effect, Compton effect, black body radiations, X- ray spectra, etc. Candidates who are ambitious to qualify the CBSE Class 11 Chemistry with good score can check this article for Notes. Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter class 12 notes- This is Chapter 11 of Class 12th Physics. Note to our visitors :-Thanks for visiting our website. Lecture 1. STRUCTURE OF ATOM Class 11 Chemistry CBSE Board Free download Aoms: Atom is the smallest indivisible particle of the matter. Dual Behaviour of Electromagnetic Radiation. Thus light exhibit wave - particle duality. Apply coupon WELCOME21 at checkout and avail 21% discount on your order. Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation. Chapter 2 Structure Of Atom. Atom is made of electron, proton and neutrons. Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter (chapter 11) Cathode Rays Cathode rays are the stream of fast moving electrons. Matter and radiations had a dual … According to Maxwell's electromagnetic theory, the charged particle that is subject to the acceleration of electromagnetic radiation must be emitted. Maxwell’s equations in integral and differential forms, electrostatics and magnetostatics, electroquasistatics and magnetoquasistatics. NEUTRON. Wave Nature of EM Radiation, Particle Nature of EM Radiation, Dual Behaviour of EM Radiation Wave Nature of Electromagnetic Radiations. Thus, the electron must be emitted into orbit. This means that just as the photon, electrons should. Detailed explanation with examples on photoelectric-effect-and-dual-behaviour-of-electromagnetic-r helps you to understand easily . Lecture 3. To overcome attraction forces on electrons, the photons of incident light must possess a certain minimum energy so as to release an electron from the metal surface. BNAT; Classes. Learn atomic structure of Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, Helium, Nitrogen and other elements. These packets of energy can be treated as particles. matter shows both particle and wave nature. The wave associated with the particle is called a matter wave or a de Broglie wave. Atomic structure Notes For Class 11, JEE Main, NEET, AIIMS, etc. NEUTRON. So the orbit must be narrowed. also have momentum as well as wavelength. Enjoy the videos and music you love, upload original content, and share it all with friends, family, and the world on YouTube. Last Updated on May 3, 2020 By Mrs Shilpi Nagpal 5 Comments Einstein in 1905 suggested that light has dual nature, i.e. What if other quantities had dual nature? Chapter 11 DUAL NATURE OF MATTER AND RADIATION Introdcution Light exhibit dual nature - wave nature and particle nature. These rays are produced in a discharge tube at a pressure below 0.01 rom of mercury. Does only light have a dual nature? DUAL NATURE OF RADIATION AND MATTER 3. The photoelectric effect could be explained considering that radiations consist of small packets of energy called quanta. QnA , Notes & Videos & sample exam papers . The electromagnetic radiation is looked at as sinusoidal waves which are composed of a combination of two fields. Chemistry Notes For Class 11 STRUCTURE OF ATOM Download In Pdf ☞ Class 12 Solved Question paper 2020 ☞ Class 10 Solved Question paper 2020. U =potential energy of electron, h =Planck’s constant. Candidates who are ambitious to qualify the CBSE Class 11 Chemistry with good score can check this article for Notes. So it may be concluded that electromagnetic radiations possess dual … In Phenomena like Interference, diffrection etc wave nature is exhibited. (ii) Cathode rays are deflected by electric field and magnetic field. Wave–particle duality postulates that all particles exhibit both wave and particle properties. The photoelectric effect could be explained considering that radiations consist of small packets of energy called quanta. However, in the beginning of the twentieth century, scientists unravelled one of the best-kept secrets of nature - the wave particle duality. As the threshold frequency for potassium metal is 5.0. Dual Behaviour of Electromagnetic Radiation. It is the branch of chemistry which deals with dual behaviour of matter. whenever radiation interacts with matter, it displays particle like properties (Black body radiation and photoelectric effect). These notes will provide you overview of all the chapters and important points to remember. An electromagnetic wave has dual (wave–particle) nature. To assist you with that, we are here with notes. It IS given by Werner Heisenberg and Erwin Schrodinger . If the energy possessed by the photon is high then the energy transferred to the electron is also high and that makes high kinetic energy of the ejected electron. In vacuum all … This is easy to understand and a high scoring topic. … An electromagnetic wave has dual (wave–particle) nature. Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter: Wave theory of electromagnetic radiations explained the phenomenon of interference, diffraction and polarization. Where, m is the mass of the particle and v is its velocity. A central concept of quantum mechanics, this duality addresses the inability of classical concepts like "particle" and "wave" to fully describe the behavior of quantum-scale … Louis de Broglie, a French physicist, in 1924, suggested that all microscopic as well as macroscopic objects possesses dual character. The best app for CBSE students now provides Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter class 12 Notes latest chapter wise notes for quick preparation of CBSE board exams and school-based annual examinations. YOGESH PANDEY CLASS XII CDAYAWATI MODI ACADEMY 2. The particle nature of light posed a dilemma for scientists. 1. Ex: when the metal potassium is irradiated with high, intense red light having frequency of 4.3×1014 to 4.6×1014 Hertz for hours together, no electron is ejected. Class-11CBSE Board - Photoelectric Effect And Dual Behaviour Of Electromagnetic Radiation - LearnNext offers animated video lessons with neatly explained examples, Study Material, FREE NCERT Solutions, Exercises and Tests. Ask your doubt of dual behaviour of electromagnetic radiation and get answer from subject experts and students on TopperLearning. NCERT Books; Home » Class 11 » Chemistry » Structure Of Atom » Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation. CBSE Class 12 Physics Chapter 11 Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter Notes in PDF are available for free download in myCBSEguide mobile app. The French physicist, de Broglie in 1924 proposed that matter, like radiation, exhibits dual behaviour i.e., both particle and wavelike properties. 0 to 1 electrons were ejected from a metal, if the incident light has frequency of less than a certain minimum frequency value called the threshold frequency. STRUCTURE OF ATOM Class 11 Chemistry CBSE Board Free download Aoms: Atom is the smallest indivisible particle of the matter. Applications of electromagnetic fields and waves in industry and research. Dismiss, 01.05 Properties of Matter and their Measurement, 1.05 Properties of Matter and their Measurement, 01.06 The International System of Units (SI Units), 01.08 Uncertainty in Measurement: Scientific Notation, 1.08 Uncertainty in Measurement: Scientific Notation, 01.09 Arithmetic Operations using Scientific Notation, 1.09 Arithmetic Operations Using Scientific Notation, 01.12 Arithmetic Operations of Significant Figures, 1.12 Arithmetic Operations of Significant Figures, 01.17 Atomic Mass and Average Atomic Mass, 02.22 Dual Behaviour of Electromagnetic Radiation, 2.22 Dual Behaviour of Electromagnetic Radiation, 02.23 Particle Nature of Electromagnetic Radiation: Numericals, 2.23 Particle Nature of Electromagnetic Radiation - Numericals, 02.24 Evidence for the quantized Electronic Energy Levels: Atomic Spectra, 2.24 Evidence for the Quantized Electronic Energy Levels - Atomic Spectra, 02.28 Importance of Bohr’s Theory of Hydrogen Atom, 2.28 Importance of Bohr’s Theory of Hydrogen Atom, 02.29 Bohr’s Theory and Line Spectrum of Hydrogen – I, 2.29 Bohr’s Theory and Line Spectrum of Hydrogen - I, 02.30 Bohr’s Theory and Line Spectrum of Hydrogen – II, 2.30 Bohr’s Theory and Line Spectrum of Hydrogen - II, 02.33 Dual Behaviour of Matter: Numericals, 2.33 Dual Behaviour of Matter - Numerical, 02.35 Significance of Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle, 2.35 Significance of Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle, 02.36 Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle: Numericals, 2.36 Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle - Numerical, 02.38 Quantum Mechanical Model of Atom: Introduction, 2.38 Quantum Mechanical Model of Atom - Introduction, 02.39 Hydrogen Atom and the Schrödinger Equation, 2.39 Hydrogen Atom and the Schrödinger Equation, 02.40 Important Features of Quantum Mechanical Model of Atom, 2.40 Important Features of Quantum Mechanical Model of Atom, 03 Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties, 03.01 Why do we need to classify elements, 03.02 Genesis of Periodic classification – I, 3.02 Genesis of Periodic Classification - I, 03.03 Genesis of Periodic classification – II, 3.03 Genesis of Periodic Classification - II, 03.04 Modern Periodic Law and Present Form of Periodic Table, 3.04 Modern Periodic Law and Present Form of Periodic Table, 03.05 Nomenclature of Elements with Atomic Numbers > 100, 3.05 Nomenclature of Elements with Atomic Numbers > 100, 03.06 Electronic Configurations of Elements and the Periodic Table – I, 3.06 Electronic Configurations of Elements and the Periodic Table - I, 03.07 Electronic Configurations of Elements and the Periodic Table – II, 3.07 Electronic Configurations of Elements and the Periodic Table - II, 03.08 Electronic Configurations and Types of Elements: s-block – I, 3.08 Electronic Configurations and Types of Elements - s-block - I, 03.09 Electronic Configurations and Types of Elements: p-blocks – II, 3.09 Electronic Configurations and Types of Elements - p-blocks - II, 03.10 Electronic Configurations and Types of Elements: Exceptions in periodic table – III, 3.10 Electronic Configurations and Types of Elements - Exceptions in Periodic Table - III, 03.11 Electronic Configurations and Types of Elements: d-block – IV, 3.11 Electronic Configurations and Types of Elements - d-block - IV, 03.12 Electronic Configurations and Types of Elements: f-block – V, 3.12 Electronic Configurations and Types of Elements - f-block - V, 03.18 Factors affecting Ionization Enthalpy, 3.18 Factors Affecting Ionization Enthalpy, 03.20 Trends in Ionization Enthalpy – II, 04 Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure, 04.01 Kossel-Lewis approach to Chemical Bonding, 4.01 Kössel-Lewis Approach to Chemical Bonding, 04.03 The Lewis Structures and Formal Charge, 4.03 The Lewis Structures and Formal Charge, 04.06 Bond Length, Bond Angle and Bond Order, 4.06 Bond Length, Bond Angle and Bond Order, 04.10 The Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) Theory, 4.10 The Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) Theory, 04.12 Types of Overlapping and Nature of Covalent Bonds, 4.12 Types of Overlapping and Nature of Covalent Bonds, 04.17 Formation of Molecular Orbitals (LCAO Method), 4.17 Formation of Molecular Orbitals (LCAO Method), 04.18 Types of Molecular Orbitals and Energy Level Diagram, 4.18 Types of Molecular Orbitals and Energy Level Diagram, 04.19 Electronic Configuration and Molecular Behavior, 4.19 Electronic Configuration and Molecular Behaviour, Chapter 4 Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure - Test, 05.02 Dipole-Dipole Forces And Hydrogen Bond, 5.02 Dipole-Dipole Forces and Hydrogen Bond, 05.03 Dipole-Induced Dipole Forces and Repulsive Intermolecular Forces, 5.03 Dipole-Induced Dipole Forces and Repulsive Intermolecular Forces, 05.04 Thermal Interaction and Intermolecular Forces, 5.04 Thermal Interaction and Intermolecular Forces, 05.08 The Gas Laws : Gay Lussac’s Law and Avogadro’s Law, 5.08 The Gas Laws - Gay Lussac’s Law and Avogadro’s Law, 05.10 Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressure – I, 05.12 Deviation of Real Gases from Ideal Gas Behaviour, 5.12 Deviation of Real Gases from Ideal Gas Behaviour, 05.13 Pressure -Volume Correction and Compressibility Factor, 5.13 Pressure - Volume Correction and Compressibility Factor, 06.02 Internal Energy as a State Function – I, 6.02 Internal Energy as a State Function - I, 06.03 Internal Energy as a State Function – II, 6.03 Internal Energy as a State Function - II, 06.06 Extensive and Intensive properties, Heat Capacity and their Relations, 6.06 Extensive and Intensive Properties, Heat Capacity and their Relations, 06.07 Measurement of ΔU and ΔH : Calorimetry, 6.07 Measurement of ΔU and ΔH - Calorimetry, 06.08 Enthalpy change, ΔrH of Reaction – I, 6.08 Enthalpy change, ΔrH of Reaction - I, 06.09 Enthalpy change, ΔrH of Reaction – II, 6.09 Enthalpy Change, ΔrH of Reaction - II, 06.10 Enthalpy change, ΔrH of Reaction – III, 6.10 Enthalpy Change, ΔrH of Reaction - III. Dual Behaviour of Electromagnetic Radiation. (Chemistry Ch-2) 3. The light which is a form of radiation from the Sun, also possess dual nature. This means that just as the photon, electrons should. Dual behavior of matter: de Broglie proposed that matter exhibits dualbehavior i.e. Browse more Topics under Dual Nature Of Radiation And Matter. Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation is one of the most important chapters from modern physics while preparing for all competitive exam because it helps you to understand the dual nature of matter. Towards the end of the nineteenth century, Maxwell's equations established that light was an electromagnetic wave. Electrons should have momentum as well as wavelength, just as photon has momentum as well as wavelength. Lecture notes. PROTON. Video explains dual behaviour of electromagnetic radiation helpful for CBSE Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 2 Structure of atom with mcqs helpful for NEET, JEE While photoelectric effect and Compton effect involve energy and momentum transfer, radiation behaves as if it is made of a bunch of particles-photons show particle nature of a wave. Class 1 - 3; Class 4 - 5; Class 6 - 10; Class 11 - 12; CBSE. The different types of electromagnetic radiations differ only in their wavelengths and hence. PLEASE READ MY … Important topics of 12th Physics are covered. Dual behavior of electromagnetic radiation: The light possesses both particle and wave like properties. The magnetic and the electric fields come at 90° to each other and the combined waves move perpendicular to both electric and magnetic oscillating fields occurring the disturbance. A central concept of quantum mechanics, this duality addresses the inability of classical concepts like "particle" and "wave" to fully describe the behavior of quantum-scale … And with the help of either wave nature or particle nature, we can explain the various phenomenon which we will study in physics. x, y, z = cartesian coordinates. Properties of Cathode Rays (i) Cathode rays are not electromagnetic rays. de Broglie’s relation is Visit www.ncerthelp.com For All NCERT solutions, CBSE sample papers, Question papers, Notes for Class 6 to 12 Please Visit www.ncerthelp.com For Video lectures of all subjects Class 9 to 12 Properties of Electromagnetic Radiation. This is a revolutionary concept of physics that tells that everything is a wave and particle. 6.11 Hess’s Law and Enthalpies for Different Types of Reactions, 06.13 Enthalpy of solution and Lattice Enthalpy, 6.13 Enthalpy of Solution and Lattice Enthalpy, 07.02 Equilibrium In Physical Processes – I, 7.02 Equilibrium In Physical Processes - I, 07.03 Equilibrium In Physical Processes – II, 7.03 Equilibrium In Physical Processes - II, 07.04 Equilibrium in Chemical Processes – Dynamic Equilibrium, 7.04 Equilibrium in Chemical Processes - Dynamic Equilibrium, 07.05 Law of Chemical Equilibrium and Equilibrium Constant, 7.05 Law of Chemical Equilibrium and Equilibrium Constant, 07.08 Characteristics and Applications of Equilibrium Constants, 7.08 Characteristics and Applications of Equilibrium Constants - I, 07.09 Characteristics and Applications of Equilibrium Constants – II, 7.09 Characteristics and Applications of Equilibrium Constants - II, 07.10 Relationship between Equilibrium Constant K, Reaction Quotient Q and Gibbs Energy G, 7.10 Relationship Between Equilibrium Constant K, Reaction Quotient Q and Gibbs Energy G, 07.14 Acids, Bases and Salts – Arrhenius Concept, 7.14 Acids, Bases and Salts - Arrhenius Concept, 07.15 Acids, Bases and Salts – Brönsted-Lowry Concept and Lewis Concept, 7.15 Acids, Bases and Salts - Brönsted-Lowry Concept and Lewis Concept, 07.16 Ionization of Acids and Bases and KW of Water, 7.16 Ionization of Acids and Bases and KW of Water, 07.18 Ionization Constants of Weak Acids and Weak Bases, 7.18 Ionization Constants of Weak Acids and Weak Bases, 07.19 Factors Affecting Acid Strength and Common Ion Effect, 7.19 Factors Affecting Acid Strength and Common Ion Effect, 07.20 Hydrolysis of Salts and the pH of their solutions, 7.20 Hydrolysis of Salts and the pH of their solutions, 08.02 Redox Reaction in terms of Electron Transfer Reaction, 8.02 Redox Reaction in Terms of Electron Transfer, 08.08 Redox Reactions as Basis for Titration, 8.08 Redox Reactions as Basis for Titration, 08.09 Redox Reactions and Electrode processes, 8.09 Redox Reactions and Electrode Processes, 09.01 Introduction to Hydrogen and its Isotopes, 9.01 Introduction to Hydrogen and Its Isotopes, 09.06 Structure of Water and Ice, Hard and Soft water, 9.06 Structure of Water and Ice, Hard and Soft water, 10.02 Group I Elements /Alkali Metals: Properties – I, 10.02 Group I Elements (Alkali Metals) Properties - I, 10.03 Group I Elements /Alkali Metals: Properties – II, 10.03 Group I Elements (Alkali Metals) Properties - II, 10.04 General Characteristics of Compounds of Alkali Metals, 10.05 Anomalous Properties of Lithium and diagonal relationship, 10.05 Anomalous Properties of Lithium and Diagonal Relationship, 10.06 Compounds of Sodium: Na2CO3 and NaHCO3, 10.06 Compounds of Sodium - Na2CO3 and NaHCO3, 10.07 Compounds of Sodium - NaCl and NaOH, 10.08 Group II Elements “Alkaline Earth Metals”- I, 10.08 Group II Elements (Alkaline Earth Metals) - I, 10.09 Group II Elements “Alkaline Earth Metals”- II, 10.09 Group II Elements (Alkaline Earth Metals) - II, 10.10 Uses of Alkali Metals and Alkaline Earth Metals, 10.11 General Characteristics of Compounds of Alkaline Earth Metals, 10.12 Anomalous Behaviour of Beryllium and Diagonal Relationship, 10.13 Some Important Compounds of Calcium: CaO and Ca(OH)2, 10.13 Some Important Compounds of Calcium - CaO and Ca(OH)2, 10.14 Important Compounds of Calcium: CaCO3, CaSO4 and Cement, 10.14 Important Compounds of Calcium - CaCO3, CaSO4 and Cement, 11.03 Group 13 Elements: The Boron Family, 11.03 Group 13 Elements - The Boron Family, 11.04 The Boron Family: Chemical Properties, 11.04 The Boron Family - Chemical Properties, 11.06 Boron and its compounds – Ortho Boric Acid and Diborane, 11.06 Boron and Its Compounds - Ortho Boric Acid and Diborane, 11.07 Uses of Boron and Aluminium And their Compounds, 11.07 Uses of Boron and Aluminium and Their Compounds, 11.08 The Carbon Family Overview and Physical Properties, 11.09 The Carbon Family Overview and Chemical Properties, 11.10 Important Trends and Anomalous Behaviour of Carbon, 11.12 Important Compounds of Carbon: Carbon Monoxide, 11.12 Important Compounds of Carbon - Carbon Monoxide, 11.13 Important Compounds of Carbon: Carbon dioxide, 11.13 Important Compounds of Carbon - Carbon Dioxide, 11.14 Important Compounds of Silicon: Silicon dioxide, 11.14 Important Compounds of Silicon - Silicon Dioxide, 11.15 Important Compounds of Carbon: Silicones, Silicates, Zeolites, 11.15 Important Compounds of Carbon - Silicones, Silicates, Zeolites, 12 Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques, 12.01 Organic Chemistry and Tetravalence of Carbon, 12.02 Structural Representation of Organic Compounds, 12.03 Classification of Organic Compounds, 12.05 Nomenclature of branched chain alkanes, 12.05 Nomenclature of Branched Chain Alkanes, 12.06 Nomenclature of Organic Compounds with Functional Group, 12.06 Nomenclature of Organic Compounds with Functional Group, 12.07 Nomenclature of Substituted Benzene Compounds, 12.12 Resonance Structure and Resonance Effect, 12.12 Resonance Structure and Resonance Effect, 12.13 Electromeric Effect and Hyperconjugation, 12.14 Methods of purification of organic compound – Sublimation, Crystallisation, Distillation, 12.14 Methods of Purification of Organic Compound, 12.15 Methods of purification of organic compound – Fractional Distillation and Steam Distillation, 12.15 Methods of Purification of Organic Compound, 12.16 Methods of purification of organic compound – Differential Extraction and Chromatography, 12.16 Methods of Purification of Organic Compound, 12.17 Methods of purification of organic compound- Column, Thin layer and Partition Chromatography, 12.17 Methods of Purification of Organic Compound, 12.18 Qualitative analysis of organic compounds, 12.18 Qualitative Analysis of Organic Compounds, 12.19 Quantitative analysis of Carbon and Hydrogen, 12.19 Quantitative Analysis of Carbon and Hydrogen, 13.01 Hydrocarbons Overview and Classification, 13.04 Physical and Chemical Properties of Alkanes – I, 13.04 Physical and Chemical Properties of Alkanes - I, 13.05 Physical and Chemical Properties of Alkanes – II, 13.05 Physical and Chemical Properties of Alkanes - II, 13.07 Alkenes – Structure, Nomenclature, And Isomerism, 13.07 Alkenes - Structure, Nomenclature and Isomerism, 13.09 Physical and Chemical Properties of Alkenes – I, 13.09 Physical and Chemical Properties of Alkenes, 13.10 Physical and Chemical Properties of Alkenes – II, 13.10 Physical and Chemical Properties of Alkenes, 13.11 Alkynes – Structure, Nomenclature and Isomerism, 13.11 Alkynes - Structure, Nomenclature and Isomerism, 13.13 Physical and Chemical Properties of Alkynes – I, 13.13 Physical and Chemical Properties of Alkynes, 13.14 Physical and Chemical Properties of Alkynes – II, 13.14 Physical and Chemical Properties of Alkynes, 13.15 Benzene, Preparation and Physical Properties, 13.16 Aromatic Hydrocarbons – Structure, Nomenclature and Isomerism, 13.16 Aromatic Hydrocarbons - Structure, Nomenclature and Isomerism, 13.19 Mechanism of Electrophilic Substitution Reactions, 13.19 Mechanism of Electrophilic Substitution Reaction, 13.20 Directive influence of a functional group in Monosubstituted Benzene, 13.20 Directive Influence of a Functional Group in Mono substituted Benzene, 14.02 Tropospheric pollutants : Gaseous air pollutant – I, 14.2 Tropospheric Pollutants - Gaseous air Pollutant, 14.03 Tropospheric pollutants : Gaseous air pollutant – II, 14.03 Tropospheric Pollutants - Gaseous Air Pollutant, 14.04 Global Warming and Greenhouse Effect, 14.06 Tropospheric pollutants : Particulate pollutant, 14.06 Tropospheric Pollutants - Particulate Pollutant, 14.10 Water Pollution: Chemical Pollutant, 14.10 Water Pollution - Chemical Pollutant, 14.11 Soil Pollution, Pesticides and Industrial Waste, 14.12 Strategies to control environmental pollution, 14.12 Strategies to Control Environmental Pollution, Chapter 14 Environmental Chemistry - Test. 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