0000002806 00000 n Complete IGCSE History Syllabus and Specimen Papers Directory 203943-2017-2019-syllabus 414141-2020-2022-syllabus 414699-2020-specimen-paper-1 414705-2020-specimen-paper-4 414722-2020-specimen-paper-1-mark-scheme 414723-2020-specimen-paper-2-mark-scheme 414724-2020-specimen-paper-4-mark-scheme 150423-2015-paper-4-specimen-markscheme 150445-2015 … Entry codes for individual topics and thematic studies have been updated. 2017 syllabus update PDF. Cambridge IGCSE ... Cambridge inal Exam imetable June 2020 04–09 May 2020 Syllabus/Component Code Duration Session IG History 0470/13 2h AM OL History 2147/13 2h AM AS History 9389/23 1h 30m AM AS Computer Science 9608/13 1h 30m AM AS Information Technology 9626/13 1h 45m AM Monday 04 May Syllabus/Component Code Duration Session IG First Language English (Oral Endorsement) … [���z�?����˟|��}���yM�{i�4����_|�ڏ�������h��r�^������}:26�9٭_l�NDDv����FF�NE=|a'��~��B|�/�쪾�ܼ~�:��Ahc���]:تl�So(4���C�z~���ѳ��1���g/�/F�{Z��i���Z��#�+&Eo��/�Y(^�ˎD��. 0000004193 00000 n All candidates take Paper 1 and Paper 2, and choose either Component 3 or Paper 4. That’s because Cambridge tells us the 8 command words that they will use in your IGCSE exam. Changes to the syllabus and specimen papers reflect the change in regulated status. Syllabus overview Back to contents page www.cambridgeinternational.orgigcse 7 Assessment overview All candidates take three components. Sessions: AM morning PM afternoon IG Cambridge IGCSE 9–1 Cambridge IGCSE (9–1) OL Cambridge O Level AS Cambridge International AS Level AL Cambridge International A Level Cambridge inal Exam imetable June 2020 04–09 May 2020 Syllabus/Component Code Duration Session IG History 0470/12 2h AM 9-1 History 0977/12 2h AM OL History 2147/12 2h AM 0000023825 00000 n This syllabus will continue to be available worldwide. 0000003957 00000 n Changes to the syllabus and specimen papers reflect the change in regulated status. 2017 syllabus update PDF. Check your BMI. It supports assessment confidence and achievement for the Cambridge syllabus for final examination in 2019, with revision and exam advice from an experienced examiner. Cambridge IGCSE History 0470 syllabus for 2020, 2021 and 2022. Cambridge IGCSE. Age What does your number mean ? What does your number mean ? The Pearson Edexcel International GCSE in History is part of a suite of International GCSE qualifications offered by Pearson. h��UkPW>�'PB����PQp���b Component 4 is optional and assesses speaking and listening skills. 0000004079 00000 n From 2020 examination this syllabus will no longer be regulated by the qualifications and examinations regulators in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. in 0450 Business Studies, 7115 Business Studies, IGCSE, O-Level 0 Complete Syllabus of IGCSE Business Studies for the Year 2020-2022 is updated with … For teachers at registered Cambridge schools, support materials for specific syllabuses are available from the School Support Hub (username and password required). History (8145) GCSE Syllabus. 0000000996 00000 n Supporting the 20th Century History for Cambridge IGCSE student book, this comprehensive revision guide breaks down complex concepts and reinforces students' understanding. 0000003124 00000 n 2018-2020 IGCSE Global Perspectives Syllabus PDF. History – American (US) – 0409: 2017 IGCSE History American US Syllabus PDF. Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry (Fourth edition) (Hodder Education) Written by renowned expert authors, our updated resources enable the learner to effectively navigate through the content of the updated Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry syllabus. Changes to this syllabus for 2020 and 2021 58 Changes to this syllabus For information about changes to this syllabus for 2020 and 2021, go to page 58. Syllabus overview 6 www.cambridgeinternational.orgigcse Back to contents page Assessment overview All candidates take two papers. All the resources available are up to date.. It’s the guarantee of PapaCambridge that you will find the the most detailed and well arranged resources of History like nowhere else. Includes Assessment, Topic Areas and Grade descriptions. History A level Syllabus PapaCambridge provides History A level past papers, notes, ebooks, slides and resources which includes teachers resource material and a lot more. 445 0 obj <> endobj 0000003447 00000 n 0000020977 00000 n startxref It is recognised by leading universities and employers worldwide and is an international passport to progression and success. >��Q������(�g�X�B�b���R-J��u���Z���:�Sgz��������{�9�;�w� � kx���@{l`��έ�5��߯o��y7�53.��B���;gC��Ms@�;�a"i(�$�mm�Q�?�mr� u�w=� Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education. Syllabus overview Back to contents page www.cambridgeinternational.orgigcse 7 Assessment overview All candidates take two papers. All candidates take: and: Paper 1 1 hour 15 minutes Multiple Choice 30% 35 marks Multiple-choice questions Questions will be based on all syllabus content Externally assessed Paper 2 1 hour … Sessions: AM morning PM afternoon IG Cambridge IGCSE 9–1 Cambridge IGCSE (9–1) OL Cambridge O Level AS Cambridge International AS Level AL Cambridge International A Level Cambridge inal Exam imetable November 2020 05–09 October 2020 Syllabus/Component Code Duration Session IG Hindi as a Second Language 0549/01 2h AM OL Hinduism 2055/01 1h 30m AM 0000003317 00000 n Prior learning Candidates beginning this course are not expected to have studied Islamiyat, Islamic Studies or Religious Studies previously. syllabus. 0000021806 00000 n The latest syllabus is version 1, published September 2017. 0000023444 00000 n Syllabus for High School History and Government. Progression Cambridge IGCSE Certiicates are general qualiications that enable candidates to progress either directly to Any textbooks endorsed to support the syllabus for examination from 2015 are still suitable for use with this Syllabus aims and assessment objectives 4.1 Syllabus aims The aims of Cambridge O Level History (Mauritius and Modern World Affairs) are to: • stimulate an interest in and enthusiasm for the study of history Cambridge IGCSE Geography 0460 syllabus for 2020, 2021 and 2022. Body Mass Index (BMI) is a simple index of weight-for-height that is commonly used to classify underweight, overweight and obesity in adults. Applying knowledge and understanding to new as well as unfamiliar situations. 2017 – 2019 Syllabus update notice PDF. All candidates take: and: Paper 1 45 minutes Multiple Choice 30% 30 marks Candidates answer all 30 questions Externally assessed Paper 2 2 hours 15 minutes … Cambridge IGCSE Travel and Tourism is designed to help meet the need for skilled and knowledgeable individuals in this rapidly diversifying industry. This syllabus will continue to be available worldwide. The Duke of Edinburgh's International Award, Teaching and learning when school is closed, Teaching and Learning when school returns, Cambridge Professional Development Qualifications, Novel coronavirus - Information for schools about the COVID-19 (coronavirus) outbreak, Online Learning – professional development, Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers. The latest syllabus is version 1, published September 2017. �ml�.�|p�(�j����&�+��(9�۝~�L�ӎ��]���-ˎe�+?���k���%��S�N�1�i��~����GBy�+rI�B(��Y!��\�ċAV�T�Nj�ޟ�1t�~Ջ�3����ÙOk �O�� �F+4%|�6�Mu�"���C'��Ҡ����]\�j��N�����;�|�?6Eix�:4C;���q������.�z�Q�jV���rP�+N��:&ݫ��A�_F�cD��B�)��ΎR�P��M�{�U��8>�yZvmݒ��#�Z�X�jQ���1Txs�i�1q�q���U��Q��D���?o`�8ѷ}%��>\M�k� 7[�a�Ny��3no��'K��k��׫�����s���KS���dQM��t�X��%-2��������!�;u�A�{b0~L֛�%d���ZI�b��Ċ�Qw��K��Bi��Vs�ﭡ��wT���b� neVu(:ϭvf��/מ ��u#�Z�*��&�2ql��翊%�Ɇ��h����`���y{�X�� �? HOME. Options for wider world depth studies and British depth studies should now be declared at point of entry. Knowledge of these historical concepts will allow history students to develop stronger awareness of the nature of the discipline and enable them to deepen and broaden their knowledge, skills and understanding of the content they study at the A-Levels. Component 4 is optional and assesses speaking and listening skills. IGCSE past papers with answers 2005-2018,2019,2020 for all subjects. Cambridge IGCSE Spanish Syllabus 0530 (Spanish as a Foreign Language) for 2019, 2020 and 2021 examination. Syllabus overview 6 www.cambridgeinternational.orgigcse Back to contents page Assessment overview All candidates take three papers. We find out each of the 8 command words, how to respond to each one. All candidates take Paper 1 and Paper 2, and either Component 3 or Paper 4. Download the History and Government 2020 Syllabus and Course Policies PDF. 7115 Business Studies ; 7110 Principals of Accounts; 7100 Commerce; 2281 Economics; Online Courses; Online Books; Ask Question; News. Complete Syllabus of IGCSE Business Studies for the Year 2020-2022 is updated with some minor changes by Cambridge International. It builds on the skills and topics at Key Stage 3, and will help develop essential skills for further study. IGCSE History 0470 Past Papers - PapaCambridge. Paper 2: Shaping the nation. Cambridge O Level History 2162 (for centres in Mauritius). 0000003611 00000 n This syllabus helps learners to gain an understanding of the importance of Islam 's major values and of the Islamic community's early history. Our course for 2019 – 2022 exams covers: The 20th Century: International Relations since 1919, and a Depth Subject: China 1930 – 1990. 0000066562 00000 n Subject content. Updated. ABRSM Brass exams. As teenagers receive their GCSE results, BBC News explains the 9-1 grading structure in England. All candidates take: Paper 1 1 hour 45 minutes Geographical Themes 45% Syllabus overview Back to contents page www.cambridgeinternational.orgigcse 5 Assessment overview All candidates take two papers. Free PDF Download. xref %PDF-1.7 %���� Syllabus overview 6 www.cambridgeinternational.orgigcse Back to contents page Assessment overview All candidates take three papers. 0000003160 00000 n Read and download TXT, AZW, EPUB, MOBI, PDF Cambridge IGCSE(R) and O Level History Second edition for Option B: the 20th Century of the syllabus (0470,2147), updated for the revised syllabus for first examination from 2020 and now supporting O Level as well. Cambridge IGCSE History will stimulate any learner already interested in the past, providing a basis for further study, and also encouraging a lifelong interest in the subject. 2018-2020 IGCSE Global Perspectives Syllabus PDF. Both coursework and non-coursework options are available. Cambridge IGCSE Accounting 0452 syllabus for 2020, 2021 and 2022. 0000003243 00000 n <<49A8BBB4A88AC5478771841B7DC609EE>]/Prev 506318>> This step-by-step approach supports EAL learners in understanding crucial scientific concepts and helps every student reach their full potential. Cambridge IGCSE Accounting 0452 syllabus for 2020, 2021 and 2022.. Changes to this syllabus for 2020, 2021 and 2022 content assessment. Summary of changes made between previous issue Page and this current issue . Our new GCSE History specification combines the most popular topics from our existing specifications, so you can still teach well-established periods of history as well as some exciting new topics. Published 9 April 2014 From: Department for Education. Free PDF Download. From 2020 examination this syllabus will no longer be regulated by the qualifications and examinations regulators in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. Home; Modules; Assignments; Programme of Study & Syllabus. IGCSE Modern World History Revision: 2020 The Cambridge IGCSE Modern World History Examination consists of two papers: Paper 1: Core Content - Students answer three question in the (a) Describe, (b) Explain, (c) Assess format in two hours. Published 9 April 2014 From: Department for Education. History – 0470: Learner Guide for Cambridge IGCSE History (0470) PDF: 2017 – 2019 IGCSE History Syllabus PDF. Flexibility and … Cambridge IGCSE Geography 0460 syllabus for 2020, 2021 and 2022. These candidates will be eligible for grades C … They should be … Update: 12/08/2020 The June 2020 papers for Cambridge IGCSE, Cambridge International A/AS Levels, and Cambridge O Levels have been uploaded. Cambridge IGCSE™ History Rely on Ben Walsh's bestselling approach to navigate through the content of the revised Cambridge IGCSE™ and O Level syllabuses for examination from 2020. IGCSE Facebook-f Twitter Google-plus-g Contact The Oxford teaching trust offers IGCSEs in a variety of IGCSE subjects all listed below. History (0470) The Cambridge IGCSE History syllabus looks at some of the major international issues of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, as well as covering the history of particular regions in more depth. History A level Syllabus. For examination from 2020 Subject First examination Syllabus code Version Cambridge IGCSE Accounting March 2020 0452 2 Additional Mathematics March 2020 0606 3 Afrikaans as a Second Language November 2020 0548 2 Arabic Foreign Language June 2020 0544 2 Art & Design March 2020 0400 2 Bahasa Indonesia June 2020 0538 2 This course is designed to prepare your child for the Cambridge (CAIE) IGCSE History, syllabus 0470 or 0977. Cambridge IGCSE Business Studies 0450 syllabus for 2020, 2021 and 2022. The Cambridge IGCSE History syllabus looks at some of the major international issues of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, as well as covering the history of particular regions in more depth. The emphasis is on both historical knowledge and on the skills required for historical research. View the latest resources that are being developed by our Endorsement Partners for the Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry syllabus (0620). Those students who are confident in their use of the English language will be entered for irst Language and may F also be offered the option to enter for English Literature IGCSE (see page 11). 0000018316 00000 n IGCSE Cambridge 2020-21 Syllabus. 0000022229 00000 n Syllabus for examination in 2020, 2021 and 2022. Learners develop an understanding of the nature of cause and effect, continuity and change, similarity and difference and find out how to use and understand historical evidence as part of their studies. IGCSE History 0470 Past Papers About IGCSE History Syllabus The Cambridge IGCSE History syllabus looks at some of the major international issues of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, as well as covering the history of particular regions in more depth. English IGCSE (Syllabus code 0500) or Cambridge English As A Second Language IGCSE (0510), based on their progress in the subject throughout years 6-8. IGCSE History 0470 Past Papers About IGCSE History Syllabus The Cambridge IGCSE History syllabus looks at some of the major international issues of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, as well as covering the history of particular regions in more depth. 0000075392 00000 n Syllabus 2020-22 . History – American (US) – 0409: 2017 IGCSE History American US Syllabus PDF. The Essential Chemistry Student Book Second Edition is for the previous IGCSE Chemistry syllabus, last examination in 2022. Syllabus overview Back to contents page www.cambridgeinternational.orgigcse 5 Assessment overview All candidates take two papers. 2017 – 2019 Syllabus update notice PDF. 4 Cambridge IGCSE Islamiyat 0493. 0000059755 00000 n SEC SYLLABUS 20 HISTORY SEC 18 SYLLABUS. History and Government Course Syllabi. GCSE History students must take assessments in both of the following papers in the same series: Paper 1: Understanding the modern world. Syllabus for examination in 2020. Cambridge IGCSE French Syllabus 0520 (French as a Foreign Language) for 2019, 2020 and 2021 examination. Includes Assessment, Topic Areas and Grade descriptions. The Cambridge IGCSE Spanish Syllabus 0530 consists of 4 papers assessing the 4 language skills (listening, reading, speaking and writing). Syllabus overview 6 www.cambridgeinternational.orgigcse Back to contents page Assessment overview All candidates take two components, Paper 1 and Paper 2. Cambridge Assessment International Education, Find out how to become a Cambridge school. Islamiyat. Cambridge IGCSE® First Language French Syllabus code 0501. history honours syllabus 2020. 1��P� All the resources available are up to date.. It’s the guarantee of PapaCambridge that you will find the the most detailed and well arranged resources of History like nowhere else. Office Hours 8 00 am 2 00 pm 1 40 3 00. PapaCambridge provides History (8145) GCSE past papers, notes, ebooks, slides and resources which includes teachers resource material and a lot more.All the resources available are up to date.. It’s the guarantee of PapaCambridge that you will find the the most detailed and well arranged resources of History (8145) like nowhere else. Extra support for history teachers in 2020/21 21 August 2020; See all History news. 0000023094 00000 n Enterprise and … There are no significant changes which affect teaching. Paper 1, and one of Paper 2 or Component 3. 0000000016 00000 n Past Papers; No Result. Programme of Study. History (8145) GCSE Syllabus. Candidates who have studied the Core syllabus content, or who are expected to achieve a grade D or below, should be entered for Paper 1 and Paper 3. All GCSE exam boards made the decision to cancel their May/June 2020 examinations worldwide due ... of a greater amount of coursework within the GCSE syllabus, whereas the IGCSE had been mainly assessed through final exams at the end of the course. Cambridge IGCSE First Language English 0500 syllabus for 2020, 2021 and 2022. 3201 3180 3014 2020 2026 3218 3252 3216 3206 3214 3209 etc. Paper 1, and one of Paper 2 or Component 3. Historically, the main difference between the IGCSE and the GCSE qualification was the inclusion of a greater amount of coursework within the GCSE syllabus, whereas the IGCSE had been mainly assessed through final exams at the end of the course. IGCSE Syllabus 2020 Highlight; Cambridge IGCSE Physics (0625) Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry (9-1) 0971; Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) Cambridge IGCSE Biology (9-1) (0970) Cambridge IGCSE develops learner knowledge, understanding, and skills in: Subject content. Class Syllabus University of Virginia. This qualification is not accredited or regulated by any UK regulatory body. number . 0000006880 00000 n Also available for examination in March 2020, 2021 and 2022 for India only. History Year 8 (8) ... Category: 3. Weight. Cambridge IGCSE Economics 0455 syllabus for 2020, 2021 and 2022. History as a discipline has three aspects its content, its organising principles and its methods of - 0000006843 00000 n Complete KNEC KCSE History and Government Syllabus 2020/2021. Cambridge IGCSE History 0470 syllabus for 2020, 2021 and 2022. For information about changes to this syllabus for 2020, 2021 and 2022, go to page 41. If you find that you have accidentally made an entry for the A*-G syllabus, you must withdraw and re-enter before the entries deadline. History – 0470: Learner Guide for Cambridge IGCSE History (0470) PDF: 2017 – 2019 IGCSE History Syllabus PDF. All candidates take Paper 1 and Paper 2, and either Component 3 or Paper 4. Guide, Syllabus, Specimen and other. For information about changes to this syllabus for 2020, 2021 and 2022, go to page 41. 0000012928 00000 n PapaCambridge provides History A level past papers, notes, ebooks, slides and resources which includes teachers resource material and a lot more. From 2020 examination this syllabus will no longer be regulated by the qualifications and examinations regulators in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. History Help Close. By clicking any link on this page you are giving your consent for us to. This syllabus has been guided by a particular view of the nature of history as a discipline, the educational needs of students, and the desire to promote the development of an ideal Caribbean person. We provide a wide range of support so that teachers can give their learners the best possible preparation for Cambridge programmes and qualifications. IGCSE Syllabus 2020: Download IGCSE Cambridge Question Paper Pdf of for Grade 10 9 8 7 6 5 to 1 and get Sample Papers for Maths Physics Science at cambridgeinternational.org. 0000274436 00000 n 1. This syllabus will continue to be available worldwide. View All … All of our teachers are experienced in secondary and online schooling.We follow Edexcel’s International GCSE and Cambridge International Examinations (CIE) syllabus. Intellectual inquiry. 0450 Business Studies; 0452 Accounting; 0455 Economics; O-Level. All candidates take: and: Paper 1 2 hours Written paper 40% 60 marks Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 0580 syllabus for 2020, 2021 and 2022. For schools, Cambridge IGCSE offers a flexible and stimulating curriculum, supported with excellent resources and training. The syllabus year refers to the year in which the examination will be taken. If it becomes availabe, we will upload it. Keep up to date with news from Cambridge and its schools around the world. 0000017822 00000 n Caribbean History Syllabus ♦ RATIONALE . The substantive content of Caribbean History is the activities of the peoples of the islands from the Bahamas to Trinidad as well as those of the peoples of Belize and the Guianas, from the coming of the indigenous Americans to 1985. 0000003474 00000 n PapaCambridge provides History (8145) GCSE past papers, notes, ebooks, slides and resources which includes teachers resource material and a lot more.All the resources available are up to date.. It’s the guarantee of PapaCambridge that you will find the the most detailed and well arranged resources of History (8145) like nowhere else. Cambridge IGCSE History (0470) PapaCambridge provides Cambridge IGCSE History (0470) latest past papers and resources that includes syllabus, specimens, question papers, marking schemes, resource booklet, FAQ’s, Teacher’s resources and a lot more.Past papers of Cambridge IGCSE History (0470) are available from 2002 up to the latest session. 479 0 obj <>stream Summary of Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCSE in History Specification Issue 2 changes . 0000003349 00000 n The latest syllabus is version 1, published September 2017. The emphasis is on both historical knowledge and on the skills required for historical research. IGCSE Syllabus 2020: Download IGCSE Cambridge Question Paper Pdf of for Grade 10 9 8 7 6 5 to 1 and get Sample Papers for Maths Physics Science at cambridgeinternational.org. 445 35 Where do Cambridge qualifications take you? Assessment. GCSE history Subject content, aims and learning objectives for GCSE in history for teaching from 2016. All candidates take: Paper 1 1 hour 45 minutes Geographical Themes 45% 75 marks, weighted to 100 marks … this syllabus. March ))))) support. Download the largest collection of IGCSE History (0470) specimen questions with detailed solutions and explanations, notes, videos, study material- everything you need to succeed updated according to latest 2020-2021 syllabus. Cambridge IGCSE is the world’s most popular international qualification for 14 to 16 year olds. What does your number mean? Cambridge . Upcoming professional development. Changes to the syllabus and specimen papers reflect the change in regulated status. 0000013553 00000 n The intention of the syllabus is to provide a broad introduction to the travel and tourism industry and related ancillary service industries. There is no attempt in this syllabus to promote one organising principle or interpretation of Caribbean History. 12 Jan Understanding the NEA: How to assess the NEA in A Level History H505 Unit Y100 (Webinar) CPD course • Online webinar • £199 • AS and A Level History A - H105, H505. From summer 2019 onwards, Paper 2 will be split into two physical question-and-answer booklets: the Period study (booklet P), and the British depth study (booklet B). Nashville State Community College. trailer Main Page; IGCSE. This specification includes the following key features : Structure The Pearson Edexcel International GCSE in History is a linear qualification. Version 1 For examination in June and November 2020, 2021 and 2022. The Syllabus and Exam. 0000021355 00000 n Please note that if you make an entry for the A*-G grading scale, it is not then possible to switch to the 9-1 grading scale once the entries deadline has passed. Any textbooks endorsed to support the syllabus for examination from 2015 are still suitable for use with this Cambridge IGCSE ® HISTORY 0470/04 Paper 4 Alternative to Coursework For examination from 2020 MARK SCHEME Maximum Mark: 40 Specimen . Height. Cambridge IGCSE First Language English 0500 syllabus for 2020, 2021 and 2022. 0000022600 00000 n 0470/04 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme For examination SPECIMEN from 2020 UCLES 2017 Page 2 of 14 Generic Marking Principles These general marking principles must be applied by all examiners when marking candidate answers. The Cambridge IGCSE History syllabus looks at some of the major international issues of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, as well as covering the history of particular regions in more depth. 0 IGCSE. Endorsed by Cambridge Assessment International Education to support Option B of the syllabus. 9752 HISTORY GCE ADVANCED LEVEL H2 SYLLABUS (2020) 6 Four of these form pre-requisite historical concepts for the study of history. Syllabus 0000006992 00000 n 7 4. This was due to the fact that IGCSEs had been designed for international students who do not speak English as a first language. Sign up for updates about changes to the syllabuses you teach, We use cookies. My dashboard; IG/HIS/2020-22/C-0470(S) Pages; Programme of Study & Syllabus; Sample course. GCSE history Subject content, aims and learning objectives for GCSE in history for teaching from 2016. 0000066601 00000 n 19/08/2020 O Level Pakistan Studies Paper 2 has not been published by CAIE for this session. Get ideal sample answers to ace the examination (for all Components). %%EOF French Extension 2020 Queensland Curriculum and. 0000059794 00000 n Syllabus overview 6 www.cambridgeinternational.orgigcse Back to contents page Content overview 1 Understanding business activity This section introduces the underlying ideas and concepts of business and includes the purpose and nature of business activity and how businesses can be classified.